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Seven misconceptions about how students learnBy Valerie Strauss
关于学生学习的七个误区 By Valerie Strauss
Will Rogers once said, “It isn’t what people don’t know that hurts them. It’s what they do know that just ain’t so.”
(戴顶草帽、叼根牙签的幽默大师)威尔.罗杰斯说过:“并不是人们不知道它有害,只是人们相信它不会真的有害。”
That’s the introduction to a list of seven myths about learning on the website of the Independent Curriculum Group, which is part of a movement of leading private college preparatory schools with teacher-generated curriculum.
在Independent Curriculum Group的网页上介绍了关于学习的七个误区,这是私立大学预科学校教师培训课程的一部分。
Many people — educators included — still cling to some of these misconceptions about learning because they base what they think on their own experiences in school, ignoring what 21st century science and experience are revealing.
许多人——包括教育者在内——仍然对教育有着一些误解,这些误解基于他们自己的经历,却忽略了二十一世纪的科学和经历已经来临。
Here are seven of the biggest myths about learning that, unfortunately, guide the way that many schools are organized in this era of standardized test-based public school reform.
这些是教育上的七个最大的误区,很可惜,它们却引导着当今许多标准化测试的公立学校的改革?
Basic Facts Come Before Deep Learning
This one translates roughly as, “Students must do the boring stuff before they can do the interesting stuff.” Or, “Students must memorize before they can be allowed to think.” In truth, students are most likely to achieve long-term mastery of basic facts in the context of engaging, student-directed learning.
在深入研究之前学习基本知识
这一点大致可以这样理解:“学生们在做有趣的事情之前,必须先做令人厌烦的事。”或者说:“学生们必须在被允许思考前先死记硬背。”而实际上,只有在以学生为导向的学习中参与,学生们才最有可能实现长期掌握基本知识,
Rigorous Education Means a Teacher Talking
Teachers have knowledge to impart, but durable learning is more likely when students talk, create, and integrate knowledge into meaningful projects. The art of a teacher is to construct ways for students to discover.
严格的教育意味着老师的灌输
教师要传授知识,但是只有当学生们谈论、创造、把知识整合到有意义的项目中去才能持久的学习。教师的艺术就是要构建方法让学生们去发现。
Covering It Means Teaching It
Teachers are often seduced by the idea that if they talk about a concept in class, they have taught it. At best, students get tentative ideas that will be quickly forgotten if not reinforced by a student-centered activity.
提及就意味着传授
教师们倾向于认为只要他们在课堂上讲过一个概念,就等于是教过了。然而,如果没有在以学生为中心的活动中得到加固,学生获得的这些暂时的概念将很快被遗忘。
Teaching to Student Interests Means Dumbing It Down
If we could somehow see inside a student’s brain, its circuitry would correspond to its knowledge. Since new learning always builds on what is already in the brain, teachers must relate classroom teaching to what students already know. Teachers who fail to do so, whether due to ignorance or in pursuit of a false idea of rigor, are running afoul of a biological reality.
让学生感到有趣的教学意味着无能
如果我们能观察到学生的大脑里,它的电路正对应着它的知识。既然新的知识总是建立在大脑已有知识的基础上,教师们就应该把课堂里的教学与学生已知的东西联系起来。不这样做的教师,无论是由于无知或坚持严格的错误观念,都是在与生物现实相抵触。
Acceleration Means Rigor
Some schools accelerate strong students so that they can cover more material. Schools in the Independent Curriculum Group are more likely to ask such students to delve deeper into important topics. Deep knowledge lays a stronger foundation for later learning.
加速意味着严谨
一些学校让有能力的学生提前学习,以掌握更多材料。Independent Curriculum Group的学校更可能要求这样的学生深入研究重要课题。深层的知识为以后学习奠定了坚实的基础。
A Quiet Classroom Means Good Learning
Students sitting quietly may simply be zoned out -- if not immediately, then within 15 minutes. A loud classroom, if properly controlled, includes the voices of many students who are actively engaged.
安静的教室意味着好的学习
学生们静静地坐着,很容易就会走神——就算不会马上,也在15分钟以内。一个喧闹的教室,在很好的控制下,会有许多学生积极参与的声音。
Traditional Schooling Prepares Students for Life
Listening to teachers and studying for tests has little to do with life in the world of work. People in the work world create, manage, evaluate, communicate, and collaborate.
传统的教育为学生准备好面对生活
听老师的话,为考试而学习,对这个工作世界的生活没有多少帮助。人们在这个工作世界里创造、管理、评价、沟通和合作。 |
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