告诉你一些很多phonics教材存在的问题---兼谈SWR

瑜珈

(6) Pokey phonics   

    Phonics instruction should be first and fast. Some systems take years to introduce the key components to the language. Unnecessarily delaying this vital instruction will force children to invent their own inadequate and unreliable systems.


     Fragmenting key information into bits and pieces which are introduced separately over time makes retrieval hard. Instead of teaching only short vowel sounds or long vowel sounds, it is easier for a student to file together in one place of her mind all the common sounds a phonogram can make. A student who learns only the short vowel sound of O will experience frustration trying to read words like open or do. A person who knows from the beginning that the letter O has three possible sounds will not be discouraged that the first sound did not work. She has two other choices on the tip of her tongue to try.


     The same concept applies to multiletter phonograms. CH can make three different sounds. Even a retarded or very young child can see CH and say the three sounds it can make. In many programs these sounds are taught separately over a period of years. Students in first grade may have a list of words using CH to say /ch/ as in child. In second or third grade they may have a list of words using CH to say /k/ as in chord. In fourth grade they might have a long list of words using CH to spell /sh/ as in chef. The three distinct sounds are rarely presented together in an uncluttered way.

我的评论： 这说的是有些phonics教材将一个音图的几种发音分成几个时段来教，而不是一次性教，以前的帖子中已经多次提到过，不再啰嗦。

StubbornZhang

标记下来慢慢看吧。

瑜珈

说明一下写本帖的目的，只是给寻找教材学习phonics的家长朋友们介绍 一本好教材，至于是不是非得要一本教材（坛子里好几个牛娃没有用过什么phonics教材，就是家长自己看看网上的东西，或者是自己总结出一些，然后教给孩子），是不是非得学phonics，是不是非得认同我说的这本就是好教材，那是各人的选择，相信我也好，不相信我也好，都跟我无关的哈，因为我一不是卖教材的，二不是开培训班的（不管是地面的，还是网络的），不存在为自己吆喝做广告的理由，纯粹只是站在使用者角度来说一本教材一种phonics教学法而已。

至于学了phonics英语水平就会怎么样，这是两档子事，也没有因果关系，根本就是扯不到一块的。还有说学了phonics ,光会读不知道单词意思，学了又有何用呢？这也是两码事，phonics 只解决拼读、拼写问题(好多教材还不解决拼写问题），解决初始阅读问题，至于理解词汇意思和用法，那是别的学习途径去解决的，从来也没人说过phonics解决英语学习的一切问题啊。

[ 本帖最后由 瑜珈 于 2011-12-26 21:34 编辑 ]

toucan

学习一下。不过用“伪规则”是否有点过份。Phonics的规则本来就例外很多的。就以“When two vowels go walking the first one does the talking”来说，给学生说明这条规则主要用在某些组合情况下，而不是所有双元音组合都适用就可以了。以俺极其有限的知识看，全面的有逻辑的phonics似乎还没有面世呢，恐怕也不会面世了，因为本来就不存在。

新人随便说说，还请楼主批评指正并包容不同看法。

同意上述观点。
我个人觉得:存在问题，以示提醒这让没有认识到不足的人受益，这很好,但是否提醒立场以中立为佳呢?

榴琏

原帖由 toucan 于 2011-12-26 14:32 发表
Know that the “two vowels walking rule” applies only to two vowels, which are in the same syllable and
that syllable must be stressed. Moreover, the rule applies only to specific two vowels, n ...

这里是讲双元音发音规律，不讲书。哪本书都会提到这个，没什么好质疑的。

Xieno

人对事情都有自己的看法，哪有不偏不倚的中立呢？

到目前为止，中立国除了瑞士，还能数出几个？

就连儿教论坛，我们力求百花齐放，遇到伪科学或者死皮赖脸的奸商，大家还是会痛斥呢！

有观点不可怕，对立也不吓人，只要大家葆有开放的心，敢于面对事实和问题，勇于质疑，就是难能可贵的了。我们在这里多讨论，自己脑子越清楚，孩子就可以教得越省力，这是好事啊！

pncz

谢谢对俺2楼的评价。

我个人觉得:存在问题，以示提醒这让没有认识到不足的人受益，这很好,但是否提醒立场以中立为佳呢?

前几天打酱油的路上看到这帖在2楼随口说了两句，并没有提醒谁认识到什么的意思。至于立场问题，帖主夸张了吧，俺没想着要反对什么或者赞成什么，不存在立场是否中立的问题，纯粹随口说说而已。如果俺2楼的回帖有什么不当的话，请求版主删除了吧。

今天俺打的酱油是乾坤牌草菇老抽

瑜珈

最近几天很忙，没来更新，继续继续。。。。。。

13楼讲了SWR的这种phonics教学体系实际上是基于 Romalda Spalding 写的The Writing Road to Reading， SWR是作者在自己的教学过程中逐渐形成的，作者1975年接触并接受The Writing Road to Reading的学习，后来用这种方法教有阅读障碍者和在公立高中教学，1981年在大学跟随 Romalda Spalding 本人学习，四年后又跟随Oma Riggs学习，1986年在Oma Riggs指导下开始研讨班讲课。人们开始问她是如何教自己的儿子的？1986年只有15页的提纲，1989年增长到87页，作为The Writing Road to Reading这本书的补充，书名叫Teaching Reading at Home.  随着时间推移和教学的不断积累，增长到112页，130页，学校也逐渐应用她的内容，书名于是改为Teaching Reading at Home and School,   后来又加上了The Wise guide for Spelling ，书重新命名为Spell to Write and Read.  作者Wanda Sanseri的 这些材料成了一个独立的课程体系。从形成进程看，本书就是如何教学的具体化，就是自己教学的记录，所以非常好用，只需跟着指示做就行（后面会用两张样本页说明），就好比学校里老师的教案。


下面是一位SWR trainer 写的比较说明。
文中要用到的缩写：
SWR = Spell to Write and Read by Wanda Sanseri

TRHS = Teaching Reading at Home & School by Wanda Sanseri

WISE = The WISE Guide by Wanda Sanseri; WISE stands for
    Words, Instructions, & Spelling Enrichments

WRR = The Writing Road to Reading by Romalda Spalding

What is the difference between The Writing Road to Reading and Spell to Write and Read?

Spell to Write and Read works from some of the same outstanding sources that Romalda Spalding used in The Writing Road to Reading. Both systems draw from the 70 Phonograms (the sound-letter system to the English language organized by Anna Gillingham), the Extended Ayres List (a scientifically normed core list of spelling words), the method of spelling dictation demonstrated by Dr. Samuel Orton, and a general core list of spelling rules collected from different writers in the previous century. Wanda Sanseri has updated these basic tools based on modern computer research. She has organized the Teacher Materials in a user-friendly format and rewritten the spelling rules to make them more precise, lyrical, and complete. She has expanded the instruction to create a fuller and integrated Language Arts program.

瑜珈

How does Spell to Write and Read compare with other Spalding-inspired programs?

Many homeschool and classroom teachers have been attracted to the concepts summarized in The Writing Road to Reading, but had trouble discerning from the book what to do when. As a result, there are a variety of Spalding-inspired programs on the market today. These have all been written by people who wanted to clarify how to use this effective methodology for teaching Reading and Spelling. All have some merit. All will differ in some ways which will make their various products similar but not necessarily interchangeable. The information presented here is intended to help the consumer understand how the Sanseri system compares with other Spalding-inspired programs, and is in no way meant to discredit the hard and diligent work of the other authors.

* Wanda Sanseri studied directly under Romalda Spalding and Oma Riggs. She has taught in the classroom, has successfully homeschooled her three sons through high school, has tutored children and adults, and has used SWR for teaching ESL. Other programs have been written by people who have never had the same direct opportunities for personal training or who lack the broad spectrum of teaching experiences.

这段让我想起有些人没有好好学习过，也没有多少教学过，就能把自己打造成phonics专家老师开班收钱瞎教别人。


* A simple spelling test helps teachers target the best starting point for the student's instruction, not wading them down with words too easy or discouraging for them with words too advanced. Some of the other programs organize the core words by frequency rather than by difficulty. This shift destroys the scientific value of this type of diagnostic spelling test as an aid to student placement.

今天用这个diagnostic spelling test 给女儿测试了下，用的是TEST 1, 错在第29个词，第28个词对应的grade status为5.2， WISE guide 中的spelling section 可以定位在 section R ,如果寒假能有些时间，就再继续一些。

这个测试适用于已经有基础的同学，并不需要从SECTION A  开始，从而可以灵活地使用。


* The Wise List has added 500 words not included on the Extended Ayres List. The updated list contains 250 high frequency words not covered in the the Ayres classic study in 1915. It also includes words that reinforce neglected spelling rules and many of the most commonly misspelled words. Derivative work has been planned carefully for ease of use. Other programs have shortened the core list or included derivative work that prematurely involves rules not yet introduced.

SWR的spelling list 有2000个，在每部分的enrichment activity  中，还会有前缀、后缀、同义词、反义词、同音词、复合词等等的词汇活动来扩充词汇。

* The Wise List indexes all the rules to all spelling words. A new teacher to the program can place a student in higher level work and still find all the reference she needs to all concepts that apply to a given word. Other programs quickly wean the teacher of helps and cues as to markings and spelling rules. Comments are made such as, "by now you will be able to recognize these ten rules." No further reference will be made to them. This assumption forces a new teacher to start either at the lowest level of spelling words or risk missing some of the most important concepts taught.

每一部分都有详细的教学说明和指导，不管你从哪里开始。


* SWR uses a valuable visual aid to help teachers and students learn the spelling rules. Flash cards provide a visual memory jogger. To our knowledge, no one else has anything similar to our spelling rule cards.

展示给学生看的 spelling rules cards  并不是那些rules 的文字条文，也并不要叫学生来读和背的，而是用非常有趣非常形象的一种方式。

* The SWR Core Materials cover the full range of instruction. Some of the other systems break the materials into different grade levels. A second grade teacher has to buy the first grade level book in order to master foundational concepts not repeated in the second book.

不管你现在处于哪种水平，幼儿园小朋友，还是初中生，都只需要SWR core Kit  ,没有级别之分。


* SWR presents the system in a sequential, step-by-step format so that the teacher understands how to move the student through the program. The teacher can start a student at any point in the Spelling List, see at a glance the preparatory work the student will need, and easily assess the student's progress as he moves along. Some of the other programs have teacher instructions presented topically rather than sequentially thereby giving the teacher the challenge to figure out where to go next.



* SWR provides the teacher with completed copies of all Reference Pages at both Beginner and Advanced levels with thorough explanations for why and how the pages are to be taught. Instructions include tips for customizing the word samples to maximize learning. The explanations of the Reference Pages in some other programs are less clear as to the presentation and purpose of the page.

这种指导太详细了，Reference Pages 在孩子用的本子上都有事先画好的，怎么写这些Reference Pages ，SWR里将老师怎么引导的话都写出来了，你只需照着说就是了。


* SWR treats the phonograms as an aid for "thinking to spell." Other programs have expanded the phonograms to match precise pronunciation. In many cases the schwa has been added in a way that severely muddies and confuses the brilliance of the method. Elaborate and unnecessary explanations have been necessary to support the use of the schwa. A primary focus on pronunciation creates endless variations depending on the region of the country. Spelling is highly uniform within the English language, regardless of the geographical location of the speaker.

这个已经在其它地方解释过好几回了。


* SWR revised spelling rules to improve reliability and easy in recitation. The rewording has been field tested and fine-tuned over the years helping it adapt well to older children or foreigners studying English.


[ 本帖最后由 瑜珈 于 2011-12-31 22:51 编辑 ]

瑜珈

购买方便吗？

美国原版的购买不太方便，可是有一个人，2007年得到了作者的授权，在中国印刷教材，并仅在中国以非常便宜的价格出售。一开始看到坛友moremoretea 买到书后贴出的价格，实在是不敢相信啊，这位坛友一再声明是正版，于是为了证实，写信给作者求证，原来看似假的事情却是真的。中国区认证trainer给我写了两封信：

My name is Caroline Huang.  Wanda has forwarded your inquiry about SWR in China to me.  I went on line and saw your post of your daughter’s work.  It is very impressive.  I am in Beijing and we have a group of children your daughter’s age all using SWR.  If you are nearby, you are most welcome to visit us.  I think your daughter will enjoy her visit.

I am a SWR trainer in China.  I have been promoting SWR since 2007 in China mostly in some private school settings.  Since then I have trained over 200 users in China.  Many people know the method as WISE English as well, since that was the name when we first used in China.  But Wanda and I have decided to switch it back to SWR since WISE English has been registered.  Wanda has given me the right to print her basic core kit in China and for a price that is only for sale in China.

If you know anyone who might be interested in learning or purchasing SWR in China please refer them to me.

If you would like to call and chat you are most welcome, please note my contact information below.  I will be leaving for the States for Christmas on Dec.19 and stay until mid January.

Best Regards,

Caroline


在我给她打了电话后回的第二封邮件：
Please excuse me for writing in English, because it takes me a long time to type in Chinese.  I enjoyed talking to you and am very encouraged by your support of SWR.  I will forward your email to Ms. Li and ask her to follow up on your book order and put your information on our data base.

As I mentioned on the phone, I am working on reprinting the new SWR for China right now.  We still have the older version of SWR, but the cards are all sold out.  We actually sold cards laminated and cut out.  As soon as we get everything ready, we will print out the new version.  I hope all the new SWR products will be out in March.  As we plan out the seminar schedule for 2012, we will inform you my training schedule.  If you think there is a good group of people interested in learning SWR, I may consider coming to ***（我所在的城市，隐去） for training.

Regards,

Caroline

[ 本帖最后由 瑜珈 于 2011-12-31 22:48 编辑 ]