告诉你一些很多phonics教材存在的问题---兼谈SWR

xxjc2011

一直都觉得我所知道的Phonics例外太多，所以迟迟没有教孩子，如果老是有例外，那又何必花时间很精神去记那些规则呢！现在看来，学Phonics用 SWR 会比较好，谢谢瑜珈的介绍

瑜珈

(4)   Misleading Exercises  

Phonics ladders are tools to teach blending. The plan is to give a consonant or two and then a single vowel. The student is taught to use the short vowel sound and form new words by adding different consonants.


     This type of exercise is unsound phonemically for two reasons. First, a vowel at the end of a syllable rarely has the short sound.Contrast the words co-ma and com-ma. If a student sees CLO as a separate unit, he should expect the final vowel sound to be OH (as in clo-sure) not AH (as in clock).


     Secondly, if the vowel is not at the end, we need to see the next letter or letters before we can determine the sound it will make. Several simple patterns commonly change the vowel sound. Is it a part of a two-letter phonogram team (OA, OW, OU)? If so, we might read the words as: cloak, clown, clout. Is the vowel sound influenced by a silent final E (clove)?


     Leonard Ayres scientifically organized a list of the one thousand most frequently used words in the English language. With phonics ladders, over a third of this core list of words would appear to be exceptions. With a phonogram plus simple rule base, less than one percent of these words are "rule breakers."


    Spelling and reading skills should progress to an instantaneous, almost subconscious, response. This happens by building in the student a second nature instinct for the language. Teaching methods should logically build such automatic responses. Avoid methods that do the opposite. Effective phonics deals with the sounds represented by phonograms and gives a complete, uncluttered, reliable presentation of the code as soon as possible.


我的评论： Phonics Pathways  的一开始就是这种教法，先教了a,e,i,o,u五个短元音，然后教辅音s，在这一课里，就让练习sa,  se,   si,  so,  su , 下一课教m, 还是练习ma, me,mi,mo,mu。。。。不过，这本书论坛里虽有电子版，似乎用的人不多。

瑜珈

(5)  SEPARATING SPELLING AND READING  

Dr. Hilde Mosse, an expert in children's reading disorders, proclaimed, "Contrary to the prevailing educational theory, reading and writing belong together; they reinforce each other" (Mosse, p. 14). Typically today, reading is taught first and spelling is delayed as an unrelated afterthought. Children are taught to read /k-a-t/ and spell /See-A-Tee/. While reading utilizes the sounds the letters represent, spelling is taught using alphabet letter names. The two skills seem unrelated.   

For all children to understand the magical idea that letters represent speech sounds, the code must be presented as reversible. We should think to spell /k-a-t/ and read /k-a-t/. This is best done by teaching spelling as the foundation to reading, as teachers did in the old days. Students should spell their way into reading. In spelling we analyze the individual parts that make up a word. We teach a child to unglue a word syllable by syllable and sound by sound as he writes it. This is best done by dictation, not by copying. Reading thereby becomes a natural side effect. The student blends back together what he has learned to take apart and analyze.


     The author of The Writing Road to Reading said, "The failings of most of the phonics methods may be summarized in that they neglect spelling and do not teach the saying and writing of the forty-five basic sounds of the phonograms of the language before trying to read" (Spalding p. 27).

我的评论：这个在太多的教材里都存在，phonics pathways里虽然也建议写了，但是是让copy。

从spelling 到reading的这种方法，被称为 The Spalding Method,    著作  The Writing Road to Reading  作者是Romalda Spalding ，是SWR作者的老师，她就是将Spalding的教学内容编写成详细的操作性的教本，写成自己的书spell to write and read .
spalding的官网：http://www.spalding.org/index.php?tname=home

基于spalding method 的phonics教材还有几种，比如这个：PhYesPhonics Program: Reading, Spelling, Writing for English Express   网站：http://teachphonics.com/index.htm 这里有很多信息可以参考，对你了解spell to read这种phonics体系很有帮助。这里提到的Orton Phonograms ，要从 phonogram的历史来解释，从上世纪70年代美国开始phonics教学，一开始只有37个，现在用的70个（或70多个）是Orton、Spalding等人总结的。

Common phonograms have been gathered into lists for use in reading and writing instruction. Wylie and Durrell’s list, published in 1970, contains 37 of them. The Ayres List and Revised Ayer’s List each have more than twice that many. Other examples include the Montessori, Orton-Gillingham, and Romalda Spalding lists.

找到的另外一些资料：
what the heck is a Phonogram ? And who inspired Phonogram Cards?

Phonograms are simply the letter/s and symbols for ONE sound in a given word. Simple Phonics.

Some phonograms are 1, 2, 3, and 4 letters long - they represent the 26 letters and 44 fixed combinations of sounds used in speaking and heard by children when reading.

For example  - did you know there are 3 sounds for the letter 'a'?...'Y' has two vowel sounds and one consonant sound...there are six sounds for 'ough'.

Dr Samual T Orton, a world renowned neural pathologist, spent over 25 years researching how the human brain functioned in learning language. He worked with various teachers including Romalda SPALDING, Anna Gillingham, Nina Trub and others.

Their combined findings produced a method using Phonogram cards as a foundational part of teaching children to write, spell and read

Phonograms are an aid for "thinking to spell." Unless we enjoy being wrong a large portion of the time, we should not expect that if a word looks like another, it will sound the same. "May" might sound like "day," -  but "heard" and "beard" do not sound alike.

We need to identify the phonograms in a word not just the letters. HEARD has three phonograms /h-ear-d/ and BEARD three /b-ea-r-d/. A true word family is a base word with its derivatives (joy, enjoy, rejoice) and not look alike words with nothing in common (joy, toy, boy, soy)  【这句话还解释了一下究竟什么才是真正的word family, 长得象就能叫family了吗？长得不象但拥有相同基因的，才能叫family的吧】

本次我的评论偏题严重，不过对你了解SWR 会有一些帮助。


[ 本帖最后由 瑜珈 于 2011-12-24 23:06 编辑 ]

lill455

国内真的买不到这样的教材，郁闷！在想办法吧，唉~

瑜珈

正在介绍的SWR教材，国内现在有得买，很便宜，两百元都不要，明年3月将有新版推出。

lvseruhai

等着买这套教材，如果有消息，希望有人能通知我一下。

imlucky

看了，还是不怎么明白。。。

lc4601

对于phonics的关注，来源于几年前瑜珈的帖子。真的很佩服瑜珈，也很感激瑜珈。自己能力不够，看着众多的phonics学习方法，头晕，就选择最简单几条规则，单个字母，常用字母组合的发音，渗透在平时的阅读里面，让孩子反复熟悉。孩子终于走过英语学习的瓶颈，不用我在一旁提醒他的发音， 自主阅读加上坚持听mp3，他慢慢悟出一些规律，反过来纠正我的错误，现在是远远走在我的前面。

xxbzh

今年假期打算看看视频。

toucan

Know that the “two vowels walking rule” applies only to two vowels, which are in the same syllable and
that syllable must be stressed. Moreover, the rule applies only to specific two vowels, not to any two
vowels next to one another.

不知道为什么非要找一本书，这些规则人家也是找的规律，这种规律不一定非要找一本书，网上资料很多.
就算把所有的规则吃透了，又怎么样呢？学英语的初衷是什么呢？吃透规则？寻找捷径？