各国国花

江湖

Since the days of ancient Rime the Calla Lily has been treasured as a flower of celebration. First cherished as a celebration of light, then a funeral flower, in today’s world the Calla Lily has become one of the most desired flowers brides use to celebrate their wedding day. It is associated with the lily as a symbol of purity and as such, these spectacular flowers are beginning to rival the rose in popularity for bridal bouquets.
在远古的时候马蹄莲就被视为庆祝之花.现在马蹄莲已经成为结婚庆典时新年最喜欢的花之一.马蹄莲象征着纯洁，已经同玫瑰一样成为婚礼上最受欢迎的花束.
The Calla Lily, originally from the continent of Africa, is rich with history, and it is an elegant and colorful flower to enjoy on any occasion. Either as a cut flower, or in your garden, the Calla Lily’s bloom is a show-stopper, and its wide range of colors make it a special flower to enjoy.
马蹄莲起源非洲大陆，历史悠久.它的端庄以及华美适合任何场合。
The  Calla Lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica, is often called the white or common arum lily. Although most often referred to as Calla “Lily,” the calla is not related to true lilies (genus Lilium) or to the lily family. The Calla is an arum and closely related to houseplants such as the philodendron, spathiphyllum, pothos, monstera, and caladium. In the wild, the Calla Lily prefers marshy areas. One of its closest relatives is the Skunk Cabbage, which also prefers a marsh environment, and is one of the most abundant and earliest-blooming northern wildflowers. Some varieties of Calla Lilies are fragrant, though thankfully, they do not share the pungent odor of the Skunk Cabbage!

马蹄莲属天南星科的多年生草本球根花卉。它有肥大的根茎，叶柄较长，叶形如倒心脏形，先端较尖；花茎高出叶片，花苞白色，苞片中心是由很多的小花所组成的肉质、柱形、黄色花序，花苞倒置如马蹄，故名马蹄莲。花苞与花序相配又如莲座，故又名观音莲、水竿及慈姑花。Supposedly, the Calla Lily was named after Professor Giovanni Zantedeschi, 1773-1846, an Italian physician and botanist. The name aethiopica is thought to mean south of Egypt and Libya, though the word appears like it is related to Ethiopia in some manner. It is not know exactly when and how the Calla Lily was introduced to Europe, but it appeared in an illustrated account of the Royal Garden in Paris in 1664.

    它另有四个园艺品种：花苞为黄色者，叶有白色透明斑点；花苞为红色者，植株较矮；花苞为淡黄色者，叶片大；花苞为黄绿色者，内侧基部为深紫色，称之为紫心黄马蹄莲。

江湖

In 1593 tulips were brought from Turkey and introduced to the Dutch. The novelty of the new flower made it widely sought after and therefore fairly pricey. After a time, the tulips contracted a non-fatal virus known as mosaic, which didn't kill the tulip population but altered them causing "flames" of color to appear upon the petals. The color patterns came in a wide variety, increasing the rarity of an already unique flower. Thus, tulips, which were already selling at a premium, began to rise in price according to how their virus alterations were valued, or desired. Everyone began to deal in bulbs, essentially speculating on the tulip market, which was believed to have no limits.
    是土耳其人最先把他们著名的郁金香介绍给荷兰人，继而引发了英国和荷兰的郁金香热。16世纪从伊斯坦布尔运往维也纳的郁金香球茎极受欢迎，到了1634年，荷兰人把这称作“郁金香狂潮”。当时人们把钱投资到郁金香就好比现代人投资股票。在17世纪的土耳其，这是段充满高雅气息充满意趣的历史，被称作“郁金香时代”。
     A spring trip to Amsterdam and the Netherlands is not complete without a visit to the Dutch countryside to see the tulip fields in bloom. Touring Keukenhof Gardens, the worlds' largest tulip gardens, is a wonderful shore excursion, but we were amazed at the amazing cultivated gardens throughout the country. During a trip to the Netherlands in mid-April, we saw tulip fields in Noord Holland, Zuid Holland, and Friesland. In addition, there were some beautiful tulip fields next to Keukenhof Gardens, near the large windmill.
     
   在荷兰，郁金香是美好、庄严、华贵和成功的象征。虽说荷兰的郁金香誉满全球，其实郁金香的故土在土耳其。土耳其人更钟爱郁金香。郁金香的生物学名是Tulipa，来自土耳其语TUber1d，含义是郁金香花象包着头巾的伊斯兰教少女一样美丽。郁金香成为土耳其的国花比荷兰还早。郁金香为热爱它的人们带来了多姿多彩的幸福生活。匈牙利、伊朗、新西兰也把郁金香定为本国国花.

     In the 20th century it was discovered that the frilly petals and dramatic flames that gave the flower its stunning look were, in fact, the symptoms of an infection by the mosaic virus. The healthy flower was supposed to be solid, smooth and monotone. The virus came to the tulip from a louse living on peaches and potatoes. Diseased varieties of tulips are no longer sold. What you find today are hybrids that look similar but are genetically stable.


     There are many different types of tulips on the market from which to choose, including variegated tulips, bi-color tulips, fringed petaled tulips, lily flowered tulips, and parrot varieties, as well as the so called "peony flowered" types, which have double the usual amount of petals. "Angelique" is one such double tulip which has lovely soft pink petals.


郁金香花语：
  郁金香：爱的表白、荣誉、祝福永恒
  郁金香（红）：爱的宣言、喜悦、热爱
  郁金香（粉）：美人、热爱、幸福
  郁金香（黄）：高贵、珍重、财富
  郁金香（紫）：无尽的爱、最爱
  郁金香（白）：纯情、纯洁
  郁金香（双色）：美丽的你、喜相逢
  郁金香（羽毛）：情意绵绵
郁金香传说：
　　郁金香原产于土耳其和中亚细亚一带。按它的原名Tulipa，就是土耳其语“美丽的头巾”之意。早在17世纪奥斯曼帝国的御花园中，曾专门种给皇室贵族观赏。1863年被花商引进荷兰经营，他们为了推销产品特自编造了一个故事：古代有位美丽少女住在雄伟的城堡里，有三位勇士同时爱上了她，一个送她一顶皇冠；一个送把宝剑；一个送块金块。但她对谁都不予钟情，只好向花神祷告。花神深感爱情不能勉强，遂把皇冠变成鲜花，宝剑变成绿叶，金块变成球根，这样合起来便成一棵郁金香了。这故事经传开后更加深了人们对它的钟爱，不少人以拥有新奇的品种而自豪。在花市上商人乘机漫天讨价，甚至要用一头奶牛来换取一颗种头。许多荷兰人因栽种郁金香而致富。并且被公众评选为国花，至今已成为首屈一指的“郁金香大国”，畅销120多个国家，出口量占全世界总出口量的80％以上，它和风车、奶酪和木鞋成为荷兰的“四大国宝”。
    由于郁金香具有“皇帝女一不愁嫁”的潜质，许多专家都为选育新品种而废寝忘餐。据统计，全世界郁金香品种共有8100多个。其名称多得令人眼花缭乱。诸如在花瓣上洒有红点的黄花，称为“国王的血”，在花瓣上有条纹分布的红花，称为“奥林匹克火炬”，而花瓣相互抱卷的绊红色花，叫做“情人的热吻”等等。特别是昔日法国作家大仲马曾赞美过一种称为“黑寡妇”的黑郁金香“艳丽得叫人睁不开眼睛，完美得让人透不过气来”之后，黑郁金香更是声价百倍，被花迷们视为稀世奇珍。其实，这品种所开的也不过是紫得发黑而已，并非纯粹的黑色。

   郁金香喜欢在冷凉的气候生长，一般适温为17～2O”C，最怕炎热和闷娟不通风的环境。在华南一带只适宜在冬季栽培。如果露地整畦种植最好种在阳光充足、土质疏松和水足肥丰的地方一，土壤的pH值（酸碱度）以6～7之间，即是不偏酸性，也不偏碱性的中性土壤为宜。如果用来盆栽，则最好选用腐叶上、细河沙、珍珠岩、蘑菇渣、干畜粪和花生麸混合而成的营养上，这样才能生长健壮，顺利开花。

江湖

The cherry blossom (sakura) is Japan's unofficial national flower. It has been celebrated for many centuries and takes a very prominent position in Japanese culture.
There are many dozens of different cherry tree varieties in Japan, most of which bloom for just a couple of days in spring. The Japanese celebrate that time of the year with hanami (cherry blossom viewing) parties under the blooming trees.
   日本春天一到，即变成一个樱花世界，虽说樱花年年开，没有多大惊喜，不过当置身在一片粉红花海之中，载歌载舞又饮又食时，的确是乐趣无穷，难怪日本人对于“花见”（赏樱）总是乐此不疲。日本樱花，种类繁多之馀，赏花之地亦多,今日为你数数各种樱花之最，让你赏花之余，还可以跟日本人唇枪舌剑一番。
   传说在很久以前，有一位名叫木花开耶姬的美丽而又智慧的姑娘，用了半年时间，自冬季到夏天、自南而北走遍了整个日本，沿途撒下了樱花的种子。自此以后，日本各地便盛开樱花了。日本气象厅以各个地区的标志樱（中部为染井吉野，南部为寒绯樱，北海道为大山樱）为对象跟踪观测各地的开花日期，日本人把这叫做“樱花前线”。每年 3 月 3-5 日发布当年的樱前线预报也叫做“锋面”，因不同地区的物候差异形成从 3 月 -5 月巍为壮观的由南至北，由低向高海拔的次第上演的花海
一提起日本大家都讨厌，不过没有关系；

我们要欣赏的是樱花的美丽而不是日本人丑陋的脸孔

江湖

Latin Name (拉丁名）-----Bombax ceiba
English Name (英文名)----Tree Cotton, Red Kapok Tree
Chinese Name (中文名)---木棉
Family Name (科名) -----Bombacaceae (木棉科)
Habit (習性)----Deciduous tree
Scientific Name: Bombax ceiba
Family: ：Red Silk Cotton Tree
Size,Range&Distribution：Bombacaceae -- Kapok Tree Family
Botanical Description:  To 75' or more, spiny trunk. Native to India and dry areas of Asia and Australia. Fast grower from cuttings; can reach up to 140'.
Botanical Description: Roots become strongly buttressed with age. Waxy flower petal are lustrous, red, long, and recurved, stamens are many in two whorls. Birds seek nectar and are pollinators. Usually deciduous. Leaves alternate, palmately compound. Flowers are clustered near the ends of the branches. Fruits is a five-celled woody capsule with many small seeds embedded in floss.
     
Economic Examples: Tree is grown for its wood on large plantations in India. The floss is commercially important; four-* kilos can be obtained from each tree to be used for life belts, cushions, refrigeration insulation, sound proofing. Yarn can be made for plush and lace. In China, it's woven into garments. Flower buds and calyx are edible. Seed oil is used in the manufacture of soaps and lubrication substances. Tree exudes a gum high in tannin used to halt diarrhea and dysentery.
     
General Comments: Wood is easy to work and is used in many manufactures.

木棉

生活型: 乔木

栽培植物: 栽培

特征: 落叶大乔木；

花期: 3

果期: 5

生境: 栽培

用途: 庭园、行道树种；木材可作蒸笼、包装箱、火柴杆、造纸等用；鲜枝能搅浊水澄清；根、皮代海桐皮用，治痢疾及月经过多；果内绵毛可作枕、褥垫、救生圈等填充材料；种子油供工业用

门中名: 种子植物门

亚门中名: 被子植物亚门

纲中名: 双子叶植物纲

中文别名: 红棉、英雄树



    灿若红霞的赛波花，赛波树属木本豆荚科植物，主要分布在中南美地区。在西班牙殖民统治时期，拉普拉塔地区的印第安人不断奋起反抗。

　　传说在一次战斗中，一位印第安部落酋长不幸阵亡，她的女儿阿娜依挺身而出，指挥战斗，与西班牙殖民者浴血死战，最后她也被俘。西班牙殖民者将阿娜依绑在一棵赛波树上，要用火烧死她。阿娜依在熊熊的大火中慷慨就义。此时，花期未到的树上突然盛开出满枝累串的，如火如血的红花。1942年，阿根廷通过一项法令,正式确定赛波花为阿根廷的国花

江湖

   “Small and white, clean and bright,” edelweiss is the emblem of Austrian nationalism and Nazi resistance in “The Sound of Music.” The von Trapp family is singing about their beloved flower before the lights go out in the theatre and, next we know, they’re escaping through the sunny Alps.

   We’ve never seen edelweiss except in pictures. It seems to be starry shaped, with rubbery looking petals, slightly resembling a sea urchin. It grows best at “altitudes from 1700 meters to 2700 meters. Edelweiss prefers calcareous light soils with excellent drainage and southern exposure, where it likes to form herbal mats.”

   “Love struck young men would try to endear themselves by collecting Edelweiss from those hard to access crags and ledges in the high alpine of Europe. During these quests many died from falls, or succumbed to exposure, insufficiently prepared for sudden weather changes.”
During the Second World War, German soldiers occassionally pinned Edelweiss flowers to their uniforms. The flower was supposed to be the sign of a "true soldier" in the Wehrmacht as it grows only in rugged terrain, generally above the tree line.

Edelweiss
   Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) is one of the best known European mountain flowers.
The name comes from German edel (meaning noble) and wei (meaning white). The scientific name, Leontopodium means "lion paw", being derived from Greek words leon and podion.
Description
    The flowers can grow to a size of 3 - 20 cm.
    The leaves appear woolly because of the covering of white hairs.
    The flowers are felted and woolly with white hairs, with characteristic bloom consisting of five to six small yellow flower heads (0.5 cm) surrounded by leaflets in star form.
    The flowers are in bloom between July and September.
    Edelweiss can be found on rocky lawns, limestone rocks, and meadows (more rarely). It is unequally distributed and prefers rocky limestone places at 2000 - 2900 m altitude.
*Originating in Asia, Edelweiss can be found on high mountains in Europe, Asia, and South America, in the Pyrenees, Alps and Carpathian Mountains.
     It is not toxic. Edelweiss is a protected plant in many countries, including Switzerland, Slovenia (since 1898) and Romania (since 1933).
It usually grows in inaccessible places, which is why it is associated in Slovenia with mountaineering. Its white colour is considered in Switzerland a symbol of purity and due to its beauty, it got its Romanian name, floarea reginei (Queen's flower).

    中国人对雪绒花的了解大都来自影片《音乐之声》，片中插曲《雪绒花》已在全世界流行，并被称为奥地利的非正式国歌。
　　在影片《音乐之声》中，《雪绒花》的旋律多次响起。当拒绝为纳粹服务的上校，准备冒险带全家离去时，他为家乡的父老乡亲献上的，还是那首他最喜爱的雪绒花。但一曲未了，歌喉已哽咽。爱妻玛丽亚默契地接唱下去，并带动全场观众加入大合唱，把全片推向最令人心潮澎湃的感人高潮。
　　雪绒花名叫勇敢者
　　雪绒花约有４０个种类，分布在亚洲和欧洲的阿尔卑斯山脉一带。这种花在阿尔卑斯山脉中通常生长在海拔１７００米以上的地方，由于它只生长在非常少有的岩石地表上，因而极为稀少。
　　在奥地利，雪绒花象征着勇敢，因为野生的雪绒花生长在条件艰苦的山上，常人难以得见其美丽容颜，所以见过雪绒花的人都是英雄。
　　从前，奥地利许多年轻人冒着生命危险，攀上陡峭的山崖，只为摘下一朵雪绒花献给自己的心上人，只有雪绒花才能代表为爱牺牲一切的决心。
　　关于雪绒花，奥地利有许多传说。人们相信雪绒花王可以指引那些采摘者们找到他们寻觅已久的花，但如果谁将花儿连根拔去，这个人将会坠入万丈深渊。

江湖

Daisies
No other flower is so often mentioned in romantic literature. Daisy is derived from a Celtic word that, translated into English, means “day's eye.” And this, in turn, refers to the fact that daisies open their petals at sunrise and then close them again at sunset.
The daisy flower on any plant is your clue that it belongs in the composite family, renamed Asteraaceae after a most famous group of daisies, the asters. Composites are an immense clan totaling a whopping 13,000 species. It is topped in diversity only by the orchid family with its 17,000 species.
Composite flowers are composed of two parts. The center is composed of fertile flowers known as the disk. What appear to be petals on the outside of the disk are actually sterile flowers called rays. While this looks like a simple design, these are among the most complex of all flowers. Botany references begin with the simplest plants such as mosses and then present plant families in order of their evolution. Composites are always at the end, the most evolved and complex of all blossoms.Daisies make excellent garden plants both annual and perennial, with each genus differing in hardiness and adaptability.   
雏菊的传说
雏菊原产于欧洲至西亚，花朵娇小玲珑，色彩和谐，早春开花，生气盎然，天真烂漫的风采深得意大利人的喜爱，因而被推举为意大利的国花。
在罗马神话里，她是由森林的精灵维利吉斯转变来的。当维利吉斯和恋人正在开开心心地玩耍时，却被果树园的神发现了，于是她就在被追赶中变成了雏菊。
占卜爱情的花：
自古以来在西方国家，雏菊常常被用来占卜爱情。把雏菊的花瓣一片一片剥下来，每剥下一片，在心中默念：爱我，不爱我。直到最后一片花瓣，即代表爱人的心意。
另一种占卜婚姻的方法是：如果你想知道自己在什么年岁结婚，只要随手拔起一把花，看看当中有几朵雏菊，雏菊的数目便是距离结婚日的年数。雏菊形态特征：
雏菊（Bellis perennis），别名延命菊，菊科，多年生矮小草本，簇生。高15－20厘米，叶自基部簇生，匙形或倒卵形，边缘具齿牙。早春开花，头状花序单生于花茎顶端，舌状花多轮，白色、粉红色、红色或紫色；管状花黄色。种子细小，灰白色。英文名称daisy。
雏菊栽培：
性喜冷凉气候，较耐寒，忌炎热。繁殖以播种为主，也可扦插或分株。
播种时间：播种适期为秋季10月间，由于雏菊种子极细，土壤宜选用筛过的细土，播前先浇水，使土壤充分湿润后播下种子，不必覆土，约7－10天可发芽。
花期管理：开花时宜保持土壤的湿润，并且使植株接受充足的日照，另外盆钵摆置不可太拥挤，否则植株容易徒长。花谢后宜及时摘除，保留养分，以延长花期。
浇水要点：夏季应早晚浇水一次，保持盆土湿润，否则植株容易枯萎。冬季则可减少浇水次数，每2－3天浇透水一次即可。
施肥要点：种植前基肥宜使用干牛粪、鸡粪等有机肥料。生育期则每半个月施用草花液肥一次。
雏菊应用：
雏菊宜作花坛镶边植物，也可用于岩石园、草地或盆栽。
雏菊花语：
纯洁的美、天真、幼稚、快活。

江湖

Name: Lilium candidum was the most significant flower symbol for Christians and suggested purity. As a symbol of purity associated with virgins it became known as the Madonna Lily.

Origin: One of the first descriptions of the lily dates from the Chinese Middle Ages "the plant flowers until late autumn and there are three types, red, yellow and purple".

Colour: Some forms (Lilium longiflorum, L. candidum, oriental lilies) are highly perfumed but white only; others (asiatic lilies) are highly coloured but scent-free

Availability: All year.

Care Tips: Remove the pollen stamens by pinching them together and pulling them up out of the flower. This prolongs the flower's life as well. Use sellotape to remove pollen, not water which will fix the stain.

Mythology: In Greek poetry, the lily stood for tenderness. It was also referred to as the voice of cicadas or of the muses. There is a Greek myth that tells us how the lily was born from the milk of the goddess Hera. The lily still symbolises pure, virginal love in the Christian world.

Medicinal: In the past, various flowers were used to prepare remedies in popular medicine. In China some served as lucky charms, while others were thought to be capable of averting the evil eye. In another historical account we read that people were interested in lilies for their anti-toxic powers and their capacity of curing depressions. In Europe, too, lilies were used as a remedy against a wide range of diseases and ailments right up to the beginning of the last century

  学名：Lilium
  别名：百合蒜、中逢花等。

  科属：百合科百合属

  产地及分布：中国、日本、北美和欧洲等温带地区。百合花姿雅致，叶片青翠娟秀，茎干亭亭玉立，是名贵的切花新秀。

  形态特征：鳞片的外性是种的分类依据之一。多数百合的鳞片为披针形，无节，鳞片多为复瓦状排列于鳞茎盘上，组成鳞茎。茎表面通常绿色，或有棕色斑纹，或几乎全棕红色。茎通常圆柱形，无毛。叶呈螺旋状散生排列，少轮生。叶形有披针形、矩圆状披针形和倒披针形、椭圆形或条形。叶无柄或具短柄。叶全缘或有小乳头状突起。花大、单生、簇生或呈总状花序。花朵直立、下垂或平伸，花色常鲜艳。花被片6枚，分2轮，离生，常有靠合而成钟形、喇叭形。花色有白、黄、粉、红等多种颜色。雄蕊6枚，花丝细长，花药椭圆较大。

  生长习性：百合耐寒，但最适生长温度在15--25度之间，低于10度或高于30度均生长不良。百合一般喜在ph值为5.5--6.5的偏酸性土壤及容重在1克/立方厘米以下富含腐殖质的土壤。忌水淹，喜半阴环境，但过度荫蔽会引起花茎徒长和花蕾脱落。
  在遥远的古代，智利的百合花只有蓝、白两色。公元16世主己，印第安人阿拉乌加诺部族，与西班牙殖民者进行了不屈不捕的抗争。在民族英雄劳塔罗的领导下，阿拉乌加诺人把尔侵者打得落花流水，狼狈逃窜。正当义军节节胜利之际，却由于叛徒的出卖，仲塔罗和他的3万名爱国将士误中殖民主义者埋伏，经过浴血奋战，全部壮烈牺牲。第二年在天，爱国爱国志士捐躯的地方，漫山遍野绽开了红艳艳的百合花--"戈比爱"人们认为这是烈士们今血浇灌过的蓝色、白色百合变成的。因此，在智利获得国家独立后，人们一致赞成将"戈比爱"定为国花。智利国构思奇巧的国徽国案上，有一族美丽多姿、质朴可爱的花束，它就是一束红色的野百合花。

江湖

中国的牡丹--PEONY









The tree peony is Chinese traditional flower and has been planted more than 1500 years in China. Peony with it’s large flowers, ethereal colors, celestial fragrance and full blossoms deserves to be called national beauty and heavenly fragrance. It was awarded the title of Chinese national flower in 1994.  

牡丹花
学名：Paeonia suffruticosa 英名：Tree Peony
原产中国，为落叶亚灌木。 喜凉恶热，宜燥惧湿，可耐-30℃的低温，在年平均相对湿度45%左右的地区可正常生长。 其花雍容华贵、富丽堂皇，素有"国色天香"、"花中之王"的美称。 状元红－大金粉. 在我国已有1500多年栽培历史。俗语有云“谷雨三朝看牡丹”，每当4月中下旬，中原大地处处盛开着雍容华贵、千姿百态的牡丹

[ 本帖最后由 江湖 于 2007-3-7 00:03 编辑 ]

豆豆007

江湖，考虑下杜曼版会员的需求，弄点杜曼书和七田的书来卖啊，折扣低点，省得大家老是舍近求远的。

另外，再组织下大家团购啊，到出版社去弄点尾单书，二折、三折啊，一定受大家欢迎的。

杜曼版会员买书都是很厉害的，就是太费钱的说。

sunnybay

春天来了，是该带宝宝去植物园狂逛的时候了。所有的花，都只知道个名儿，再往深里，就说不上两句了。谢谢江湖的及时贴。 收藏之。