各国国花

江湖

柬埔寨国花之---NARCISSUS


Name:
All daffodils are Narcissus, which is the genus name. According to the International Cultivar Registration Authority (for Narcissus and for several other flowers that is the UK's Royal Horticultural Society) daffodil is accepted as a common name for all members of the Narcissus genus. However, most people think of daffodils as the single flower, large trumpet yellow ones, which are the most common kind of daffodils, and call the smaller headed scented varieties, narcissi. The Oxford Dictionary defines narcissus (plural narcissi) as "any of a group of flowers including jonquils and daffodils, especially the kind with heavily-scented single white flowers". In fact, even the growers of the scented varieties call all of their products white or yellow, single or multi-headed, "narcissi".The flower is named after Narcissus in Greek legend (see Trivia below). "Narcissus" comes from the Greek for "numbness" referring to the narcotic properties of the plant.

英名：Chinese Narsissus
别名:水仙花、雅蒜、金盏银台、中国水仙、天蒜。
科名：石蒜科
水仙花，别名天葱、雅蒜、金盏银台、玉玲珑。属石蒜科，多年生鳞茎草花。高20一30厘米。叶基生，线形，扁平。花葶抽出叶间，顶端着花3一8朵，呈伞形花序，花冠口部具黄色盏状的副花冠，有“金盏银台”之称。花期1一2月。葫果胞背开裂。
水仙为秋植球根花卉，早春开花并贮藏养分，夏季休眠，性喜温暖湿润气候。水仙花是点缀元旦和春节最重要的冬令时花，其碧叶如带，芳花似杯，幽香沁人肺腑，常用清水养植，被人们称为“凌波仙子” .
Origin: South Western Europe. Grown extensively in the UK - export daffodils to Holland. First cultivated by the Romans.
原产地：西欧南部，最初是由罗马人种植。

Colour: Over 25,000 varieties in shades of yellow, white, orange and peachy pink.
颜色：超过了25000多个品种，有不同形状的黄色，白色，桔色以及粉红色

Availability: Seasonal availability October to April. The Isles of Scilly start the season off in October with the tiny tazetta types. It finishes in April with large trumpet daffodils from Scotland.
种植期：每年10--到第二年4月。
Varieties（种类）: There is a huge number of cultivars, in a range of colours including combinations of white, yellows, oranges and pinks. There are multi-headed tazetta types and some with a strong fragrance. Yellow tazetta narcissi "Soleil d'Or'"and white "Ziva" have the strongest scent, and also make ideal indoor plants as potted bulbs

Mythology（传说）: Narcissus in Greek legend fell in love with his own reflection in a stream. He stayed transfixed by the stream and the gods thought he would die of starvation so they changed him into the flower to stay there forever.
希腊神话传说，水仙原是个美男子，他不爱任何一个少女，而有一次，他在一山泉饮水，见到水中自己的影子时，便对自己发生了爱情。当他扑向水中拥抱自己影子时，灵魂便与肉体分离，化为一株漂亮的水仙……
Zodiac（星座）: They are good flowers for Geminis, who like the daffodil's yellow cheerfulness; and Pisces who appreciate the white narcissi's scented delicacy.

Feng Shui:Feng Shui adherents believe the flower brings good luck for the next twelve months if forced to bloom at New Year.

Language of Flowers（花语）: In Victorian times daffodils signified regard, while narcissi meant self-esteem or even vanity.

Medicinal: Daffodils are being grown for Galanthine, a substance in the bulbs being used to fight Alzheimer's.
水仙鳞茎浆汁有毒，含拉可丁，用作外科镇痛剂，鳞茎捣烂可敷治痈肿。花作香泽，涂身理发，去风气，又疗妇人五脏心热。

江湖

At the end of the eighteenth century, as Chinese Roses were prominently introduced to the West, there was a great revolution in the world of roses. The arrival of the China Roses changed the rose world profoundly.

The Chinese Roses broadened the scents of roses. New blends became apparent when the Chinese hybridized with other roses. In A Fragrant Year, Helen van Pelt Wilson and Léonie Bell, state that Chinas are vaguely scented on their own. They remark that they are able to detect the fragrance of nectarine in 'Old Blush'. They go on further to say that 'Old Blush' gave a pepper smell to some of its offspring; in others a fruity smell was heightened. They believe that 'Parson's Pink' and 'Slater's Crimson China' had little scent. The mating with European fragrances produced a pronounced fruity bouquet, notably nectarine or raspberry, that can be found in the Bourbons.

The Chinese Rose brought a change to the form of the flower. The high centered exhibition rose owes its form to the China genes. The China Roses also brought the rose world slender buds that unfurl when opening.  
The Chinese Roses have a mysterious origin. Although there is no evidence of how they were developed, they are the product of a rich culture of ingenious people. They were not seen in art before the tenth century, were not a part of mythology, and little is known of their history. What we do know is that they were cultivated for many centuries in China; however, the Chinese did not prize the rose as they did the chrysanthemum, which appears in their art from long times past.

The value of the Chinese Rose should not be underestimated. Graham Thomas believes that the Chinese Roses are the species upon which modern roses are built. The work of Dr. Hurst pinpointed our Chinese roses back to four garden roses known as the Four Stud Chinas :'Slater's Crimson China' (1792), 'Parson's Pink China' (1793, Identical to 'Old Blush'), 'Hume's Blush Tea-scented China' (1809), and 'Parks' Yellow Tea-scented China' (1824). There may be evidence that the China Rose was known in Italy long before the official introduction dates.
    学名：Rosa chinensis
　　英名：Chinese Rose
　　别名：长春花、月月红、斗雪红、瘦客
　　科属：蔷薇科
   产地与习性：蔷薇科属植物原产北半球，几乎遍及亚、欧两大洲，中国是月季的原  产地之一。至于现代月季，血缘关系极为复杂。月季为有刺灌木，或呈蔓状与攀援状。

形态特征   
    蔷薇属植物为有刺灌木或呈蔓状、攀绿状植物。叶互生，奇数羽状复叶。花单生或排成伞房花序、圆锥花序；花瓣；枚或重瓣。有多种花具有香气。在开花后，花托膨大，即成为蔷薇果，有红、黄、橙红、黑紫等色，呈圆、扁、长因等形状。月季为常绿或半常绿灌木，具钩状皮刺。羽状小叶3～5枚，花常数朵簇生，微香，单瓣，粉红或近白色。花期10月。如香水月季,由月季与巨花蔷薇天然杂交而来。枝长，常带攀援性，小叶5～7枚，表面有光泽，新梢、嫩叶常为古铜色。花有粉红、浅黄、橙黄、纯白等色，芳香，生长季节开花不绝。而现代月季是经多次杂交、长期选育而成的杂种月季品种群。灌木或藤本；叶较厚、较大而表面光泽；花蕾多卵圆形，花形丰富，复瓣至重瓣，淡香至浓香。连续开花，而以5～６月及９～１０月为盛花期。产地与习性   
    蔷薇科属植物原产北半球，几乎遍及亚、欧两大洲，中国是月季的原产地之一。至于现代月季，血缘关系极为复杂。月季为有刺灌木，或呈蔓状与攀援状。喜日照充足，空气流通，排水良好而避风的环境，盛夏需适当遮荫。多数品种最适温度白昼15～26℃夜间10～15℃。较耐寒，冬季气温低于5℃即进入休眠。如夏季高温持续30℃以上，则多数品种开花减少，品质降低，进入半休状态。一般品种可耐15℃低温。要求富含有机质、肥沃、疏松之微酸性土壤，但对土壤的适应范围较宽。空气相对湿度宜75%～80%，但稍干、稍湿也可。有连续开花的特性。

月季传说   
    和平月季是法国人弗兰西斯.梅朗1939年在法西斯铁蹄下培育出来的。他以3-35-40的代号，将这种月季寄到美国。美国园艺家焙耶收到了这远渡重洋的品种后，立即分送美国南北各重要花圃进行繁殖。几年后，这个新品种东山再起，一时轰动全美。1945年美国太平洋月季协会将这个品种命名为和平，并宣称：我们确信，当代最了不起的这一新品种月季，应当以当今世界人民最大的愿望“和平”来命名，我们相信，和平月季将做为一个典范，永远生长在我们子孙万代的花园里。 和平月季命名这一天，正巧联军攻克柏林，希特勒灭亡。而当和平月季获全美帝国主义无条件投降。当联合国成立，在旧金山召开第一次会议时，每个代表房间的花瓶里，都有一束美国月季协会赠送的和平月季。上面有一个字条写着：我们希望“和平”月季能够影响人们的思想，给全世界以持久和平。第二次世界大战期间，法西斯匪徒在离布拉格十四公里一个叫里斯底的村子里，残害了一百七十五名十五岁以上的男人，并将妇女和儿童关进集中营。战后，为了纪念这些人们，许多月季专家和一些自愿捐助的人，于1955年在这里建起了一个月季园，其中主要的品种是和平。

江湖

Iris blossoms are highly specialized and different from our Standard Blossom in several interesting ways. The image shows a typical iris flower with some of its unusual modifications.

The showy parts of iris flowers are not clearly distinguishable between calyx and corolla, as in our Standard Blossom. The lowest parts, where you'd expect the calyx to be, are just as colorful and fleshy as the upper parts, where the corolla should be. When you want to refer to both calyx and corolla, or the showy parts where the calyx and corolla should be, you can call the whole structure a perianth. One specialized "perianth segment" of the iris blossom, situated where we'd expect a calyx's sepals to be, is the petal-like falls. The falls serves as a "landing pad" for pollinators. Notice how the falls in the flower above has bright lines leading into the blossom's mouth. These serve as nectar guides, directing pollinators toward the nectar.
The 3 standards correspond to a normal flower's petals. They rise above the blossom and provide more color and pollinator-attracting power to the flower.

One last interesting feature of iris blossoms is that in many species and varieties the upper surface of the falls is equipped with a beard consisting of fuzz such as that shown in the much-magnified image at the left. The beard gives pollinators something to hold on to as they enter the iris blossom in search of nectar.
学名：Iris tectorum
科属：鸢尾科鸢尾属
特征：多年生草本花卉。高30～50厘米，根状茎短而粗，分枝丛生，淡黄色。叶剑形质薄，淡绿色，长30～60厘米。花茎与叶等长，单一或二分枝，每枝有花1～4 朵，花蓝紫色，外轮裂片倒卵形，外折，具深色网纹，中部有鸡冠状突起及白色髯毛，内轮裂片较小，倒卵形呈拱形直立，花柱花瓣状，覆盖着雄蕊。   

法国是一个鲜花之国，它的首都巴黎有“花都”的美誉。莺尾被视为法兰西王国的国花.   

相传法兰克王路易、克洛维斯接受洗礼时，上帝送给他的礼物就是金百合花，法文的百合花与“路易之花”，发音相近。视金百合花为纯洁，金百合花花形象白鸽飞翔的姿势，象征着“圣灵”。法国国王路易第六，将金百合花作为他的印章和铸币图案，装饰他蓝袍的边缘，他穿着蓝袍 去参加受任国王的仪式，因此金百合花又成了王室权利的象征。其实，这里所说的金百合花就是香根莺尾。 法国人种植香根莺尾除供观赏外，也是获取香精的重要原料。

关于法国国花，另一种说法是百合花。相传当初统治法国的克罗卑鸟斯王是以青蛙作徽章的。有一次一名隐士在他家显灵，吩咐他献一只美丽的盾给皇后，盾上雕一朵百合花。以后，克罗卑斯麦持此盾上战场交锋，每战告捷，从此以后定百合花为国花   

花语是优美
鸢尾花代表恋爱使者   
鸢尾花虽然具有粗大的根，宽阔如刀的叶，非常强韧的生命力。但是由於它是制造香水的原料，因此相当受尊重，也广被使用。
鸢尾花，中文名来自于它的花瓣像鸢的尾巴。鸢(glede)是鹰科的一种鸟，《诗·大雅·旱麓》曰“鸢飞戾天，鱼跃于渊。”它的希腊/英文名是iris, 意为彩虹，因为这种花有红，橙，紫，蓝，白，黑各色，不愧彩虹之称。它的法语名是fleur-de-lis或者fleur-de-lys, 这个讲不出什么名堂，但是它的古法语拼法是fleur-de-luce, luce就是拉丁文的light, 光明也。所以这花在法语里是“光之花”。

法国的国花是鸢尾科的香根鸢尾（fleur de lis），它体大花美，婀娜多姿，与百合花（lily）极为相似。鸢尾与百合分属两个截然不同的科类，虽然一眼看去，似乎两者都有六枚“花瓣”，殊不知鸢尾花只有三枚花瓣，其余外围的那三瓣乃是保护花蕾的萼片，只是由于这三枚瓣状萼片长得酷似花瓣，以致常常以假乱真，令人难于辨认。此外，鸢尾的“花瓣”一半向上翘起，一半向下翻卷，而百合花的花瓣却一律向上。另有一些鸢尾的花心深处还长有三枚由雌芯变成的长舌形瓣儿。由于欧洲人常把鸢尾花称作“百合花”，故不少人以为法国的国花是百合花。

近代汉语里经常把fleur-de-lis翻译成“金百合”，正确的翻法还应该是“鸢尾花”。

江湖

The rose, in all its variety and color, was made the State flower in 1955. Roses have been appreciated throughout the centuries and are considered one of the most popular and widely cultivated flowers in the world today, with over 150 species and more than 20,000 hybrids available.
The rose is excessively thorny and generously supplied with leaves of a vivid green. In color, it is waxy white with a large golden center. Blooming time is in the early spring, but favorable conditions will produce, in the fall of the year, a second flowering of this hardy plant.     于蔷薇、月季、玫瑰这三种花来说，人们总把它搞混，它们虽同科同属，但却并不完全相同，但人们似乎比较偏爱玫瑰这个词，所以把这三种花统称为玫瑰了。
在英国及欧美许多国家，都把攻瑰(月季)定为国花，以表示亲爱，又因茎上有刺,表示严肃。基督教中，相传耶稣被出卖后，被钉在十字架上，鲜血滴在泥土中，十字架下便生长出玫瑰花。
　　红玫瑰象征了爱情，这可能是世界通用的花语。相传爱神为了救她的情人，跑得太匆忙，玫瑰的刺划破了她的手脚，鲜血染红了玫瑰花。红玫瑰因此成了爱情的信物

All roses symbolize love
Certain colors of roses can take on special meanings.
Red: Love, Respect, Courage --红玫瑰代表热情真爱和勇气；
Yellow: Joy, Gladness, Freedom --黄玫瑰代表珍重欢快和自由；
Pink/Peach: Gratitude, Appreciation, Admiration--粉红玫瑰代表感激，欣赏，赞美
White: Reverence, Purity, Secrecy --白玫瑰代表尊敬，纯洁；
Blue: mystery---蓝玫瑰则代表神秘
purple：romantic，costful，special---紫玫瑰代表浪漫真情和珍贵独特；
Black:gentilesse,true love黑玫瑰则代表温柔真心；
Orange:friendship,youth---橘红色玫瑰友情和青春美丽；
    １朵玫瑰代表——我的心中只有你 ONLY YOU！
　　２朵玫瑰代表——这世界只有我俩！
　　３朵玫瑰代表——我爱你 I LOVE YOU！
　　４朵玫瑰代表——至死不渝！
　　５朵玫瑰代表——由衷欣赏！
　　６朵玫瑰代表——互敬　互爱　互谅！
　　７朵玫瑰代表——我偷偷地爱著你！
　　８朵玫瑰代表——感谢你的关怀扶持及鼓励！
　　９朵玫瑰代表——长久 ALWAYS！
　１０朵玫瑰代表——十全十美　无懈可击！
　１１朵玫瑰代表——最爱　只在乎你一人！
　１２朵玫瑰代表——对你的爱与日俱增！
　１３朵玫瑰代表——友谊长存！
　１４朵玫瑰代表——骄傲！
　１５朵玫瑰代表——对你感到歉意I'M SORRY！
　１６朵玫瑰代表——多变不安的爱情！
　１７朵玫瑰代表——绝望无可挽回的爱！
　１８朵玫瑰代表——真诚与坦白！
　１９朵玫瑰代表——忍耐与期待！
　２０朵玫瑰代表——我仅一颗赤诚的心！
　２１朵玫瑰代表——真诚的爱！
　２２朵玫瑰代表——祝你好运！
　２５朵玫瑰代表——祝你幸福！
　３０朵玫瑰代表——信是有缘！
　３６朵玫瑰代表——浪漫！
　４０朵玫瑰代表——誓死不渝的爱情！
　５０朵玫瑰代表——邂逅不期而遇！
　９９朵玫瑰代表——天长地久 FOREVER！
１００朵玫瑰代表——百分之百的爱 100% LOVE！
１０１朵玫瑰代表——最……最爱！
１０８朵玫瑰代表——求　婚！
９９９朵玫瑰代表——我家有钱，呵呵！！

江湖

White butterfly ginger lily, or simply ginger lily, is a tropical perennial and a cousin of culinary ginger (Zingiber officinale) of bread, snap and ale fame. It's green stalks grow from thick rhizomes to a height of 3-7 ft (0.9-2.1 m). Leaves are lance-shaped and sharp-pointed, 8-24 in (20-61 cm) long and 2-5 in (5-12.7 cm) wide and arranged in 2 neat ranks that run the length of the stem. From midsummer through autumn the stalks are topped with 6-12 in (15.2-30.5 cm) long clusters of wonderfully fragrant white flowers that look like butterflies. The flowers eventually give way to showy seed pods chock full of bright red seeds.

又名香雪花，为姜科姜花属。寿命约3年。根茎与美人蕉相似，并具姜味，外皮淡红色。根呈白色，长30—60厘米，茎强壮。高1—2米，不分枝。叶为平行脉，宽10厘米，长20厘米，呈椭园披针形，叶柄长30厘米左右，包干茎上，叶16—17枚，互生于茎之两侧。花穗生于茎顶，外具绿色鳞片状苞，苞中开花4—6朵，萼薄如纸，花瓣3枚，不甚明显，雄蕊呈花瓣状，共3枚。左右两枚呈长椭园形，中间一枚较大，上端略分裂，其中央有长约3厘米的雌雄合蕊体，花纯白色，花期夏季。性喜高温、多湿、半荫环境。

Location
Ginger lily, Hedychium coronarium is native to India. It is a popular landscape plant throughout Florida, the Gulf Coast, California, the Caribbean and tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Ginger lily also is grown in mild winter temperate regions of North America and Europe where it dies back in winter but re-emerges in spring.

姜花(Hedychium coronarium)
别名蝴蝶花、香雪花、夜寒苏、姜兰花，属姜科姜花属多年生草本植物。本属约50～60种。中国有20余种。云南产16种，全省各地均有分布。
同属植物中还有黄姜花(H. flavum)，产于贡山、洱源等地。
白姜花(H.chrysoleucum) 产云南大部分地区，生于海拔600～2100米的疏林灌丛中。

姜花花色素雅，清香宜人，花形奇特，每年3～10月都有不同品种的姜花开放。


Culture
Light: Partial shade to full sun.
Moisture: Likes rich soil with adequate moisture.
Hardiness: USDA Zones 7b-11. Ginger lily is a tropical plant. It tolerates an occasional light freeze and frost. A hard frost will kill it to the ground but it comes back quickly.
Propagation: Ginger lily is easy to propagate - simply dig it up, cut the root into 8 in (20 cm) pieces and replant.

Usage
Ginger lily makes a beautiful background plant and looks great planted in large clumps at the edge of woodsy areas. Use the butterfly ginger in low wet areas where it will thrive. The fresh green foliage makes a great framework for smaller plants and works well in tubs and outdoor container plantings.

Features
Easy to grow and easy to propagate. The fresh sweet scent of this plant in bloom is a real treat on warm evenings. Plant it near a patio or window so you can enjoy the gardenia-like fragrance. The flowers attract moths at night.

生态习性
喜温暖、湿润、稍有的环境，要求肥沃、疏松、排水良好的微酸性沙质土壤多生于海拔900-1400m的常绿阔叶林中。沿喜马拉雅诸国及斯里兰卡、缅甸、越南也产。

江湖

Water lily is a common name for a small family of aquatic plants. The water lily's scientific family is Nympheaceae of the order Nymphaeales. The representative genus of the family is Nymphaea.

There are about 70 different species of water lilies. These are grouped into: night, tropical and hardy. Night lilies bloom in the night. Tropical lilies can be found in tropical climates and bloom at all times of the day. Hardy lilies are able to withstand most conditions and are the most common.

The water lily has long, stout leaves and long flower stalks. There are usually six petals and six stamen. Water lilies are also able to reproduce by budding. The roots detach and grow into new water lilies. The root of the lily is located in the mud at the bottom of a pond. Many lilies are produced through budding.
学名：Nelumbo mucifera
英名：Hindu Lotus
别名：莲花、芙蕖、水芝、水芙蓉、莲
科名：睡莲科

形态特征：多年生水生植物。根茎（藕）肥大多节，横生于水底泥中。叶盾状圆形，表面深绿色，被蜡质白粉，背面灰绿色，全缘并呈波状。叶柄圆柱形，密生倒刺。花单生于花梗顶端、高托水面之上，有单瓣、复瓣、重瓣及重台等花型；花色有白、粉、深红、淡紫色或间色等变化；雄蕊多数；雌蕊离生，埋藏于倒圆锥状海绵质花托内，花托表面具多数散生蜂窝状孔洞，受精后逐渐膨大称为为莲蓬，每一孔洞内生一小坚果（莲子）。花期6月－9月，每日晨开暮闭。果熟期9月－10月。荷花栽培品种很多，依用途不同可分为藕莲、子莲和花莲三大系统。
The water lilies are well adapted to their habitat. They grow and live on the edge of ponds and lakes, in the shallow water. The climate of their habitat is usually hot. They grow in areas where there are few plants and because of this, they don't have competition for sunlight. This is very important because sunlight is the main way that water lilies are able to receive food and energy. The water lilies leaves are usually large and are able to store a lot of energy. Water lilies usually live in water that is rich in oxygen and receives a lot of sunlight.

Water lilies are in danger because the wetlands are in danger. The wetlands are home to many species and the water lily is included. People are constantly draining the wetlands and do not know the species they are destroying: cattails, beavers, ducks, and water lilies just to name a few. Water lilies are able to reproduce rapidly, but if there is no where to reproduce, (like the wetland) it becomes impossible for reproduction.


印度国花，有的说是罂粟花，有的说是玫瑰花，印度不少诗人也在诗歌中赞颂这二种花，其实，印度的国花是荷花。印度荷花主要有七种，故有“七宝莲花”之称。实际上，七种荷花只有二种是荷花，即白莲花（芬陀利花）和红莲花（波头摩花），其它五种都是睡莲。在植物学中，荷也称莲，荷花和睡莲均属睡莲科，所以荷花也称莲花，果实叫莲蓬、莲子。莲子有惊人的生命力。日本千叶县发掘出的千年的古莲子，经过培植，竟然开花结实。   

印度是佛教的发祥地，荷花则是佛经中常提到的象征物和吉祥物。荷花出淤泥而不染，洁身自处，与佛教主张的处世人格相合。正是因为荷花代表佛教，而佛教又来自印度，所以荷花在印度被视为尊严的神圣的像征。

荷花别名莲、莲花。睡莲科多年生水生植物。花单生，单瓣、复瓣、重瓣、重台及干瓣等我种类型。花瓣多达2000余枚。花叶美丽，清香致远。

荷花原产中国，日本、印度、斯里兰卡及澳大利亚等国都有分布。

荷花主要用于布置水面，点缀水景，或布置水景园；小型花品种可用于美化家居。作为经济植物，可说是浑身是宝，莲子、莲藕均可用于食用，营养价值极高。

江湖

Description
This fast growing evergreen shrub can reach up to 20 ft (6.1 m) tall but is usually seen trimmed at 6-10 ft (1.8-3.1 m). It forms a rounded mound to about 10 ft (3.1 m) wide. It is a tough, versatile plant with showy summertime flowers in white, red, pink, salmon and light yellow. Leathery, lance shaped leaves range from about 4-10 in (10.2-25.4 cm) long, depending on variety and are a bright green. Oleanders have a tendency to become leggy - overgrown individuals should be pruned as needed to maintain a nice shape. A popular variety is 'Petit Salmon' which is a dwarf that grows to only 4 ft (1.2 m).

Location
Nerium oleander is native to northern Africa, the eastern Mediterranean basin and southeast Asia. Oleander prefers dry, warm climates and may naturalize in such areas.

Culture
Light: Bright sun, some shade is acceptable.

Moisture: Versatile, can survive both dry and wet soils. Fastest growth occurs when provided moisture in times of drought.

Hardiness: USDA Zones 8-10. Easily grown in warm humid climates, like Florida and the Gulf coast, oleander is recommended for USDA Zones 8-10. It will survive some frost and temperatures to 15-20ºF (-9.4 - -6.7ºC) but foliage will be damaged. Some varieties are hardier than others.

Propagation: Semiripe cuttings are best rooted in summer. Also by seed, but selected cultivars may not grow true to form.

Pests: Aphids and scale may be a problem (more likely in humid climates). Also attacked by a caterpillar that will strip a plant in a matter of days.

Features
The oleander is a tough durable shrub that is inexpensive and easy to grow in most situations. Abundant, beautiful flowers are produced in many colors and some varieties are delightfully fragrant. New homeowners appreciate oleander's satisfyingly fast growth rate and ability to quickly green up a bare lot.
学名：Nerium indicum

别名：柳叶桃

科属：夹竹桃科、夹竹桃属

原产印度及伊朗。我国引种已久，各地都有栽培。 常绿灌木或小乔木。吉革质，狭长，3片轮生，也有4片及2片对生的，叶面光亮，侧脉羽状平行而密生，边缘反卷。聚伞花序顶生，花冠红色或白色，花单瓣或重瓣，有香气。

果长角状。花期6－9月，果期12月－翌年1月。

栽培中常见变种有：白花夹竹桃var.leucanthum，花纯白色。重瓣夹竹桃var.plenum，花红色，重瓣。 同属植物常见栽培观赏的还有欧洲夹竹桃N.oleander，花簇生枝顶，桃红色，产地中海地区。 夹竹桃碧叶青青如柳似竹，团团红花灼灼似桃，自夏至秋，次第开放，适于公园、绿地、路旁、草坪边缘、交通绿岛上群植，能给少花的夏日披上“桃红柳绿”的春装，映染出万紫千红的景观；还宜在工矿区作抗污树种；盆栽观赏亦甚相宜，花色艳丽.
夹竹桃的乳汁有小毒，但它是一种极为优良的环保植物种类，被人们誉为植物的“吸尘大王”。一昼夜之间每平方夹竹桃叶可吸收灰尘5克，比其它绿色植物高出几倍，其叶和树皮还可入药。至于这种植物的小毒，不要误食是没问题的。   

相传很久以前，阿尔及利亚王国边地都种着圣洁的夹竹桃。一到夏秋相交之际，它便开满 了洁白如雪的花朵。美丽的阿德令儿公主喜欢上了自己的家臣。国王听说后，十分恼怒，将 家臣投入了茫茫大海。伤心欲绝的公主在夹竹桃下自杀，她冰冷的鲜血渗入了黑暗的大地…来年，人们惊奇地发现漫山遍野的夹竹桃都开出了粉红的花朵儿，如同阿德令儿的脸蛋儿一样美，仿佛就是她生命的化身。但它却隐含着致命的毒，也许那是公主对世间无尽的怨恨吧！

江湖

Lily of the valley is one of the most beautiful flowers that appear in wet forests in Europe, Asia, and North America from April till June.

Every part of the plant is poisonous because it contains about 20 poisonous glycosides such as convalatoxin, convalarin, and convalamarin, as well as saponins. They cause poisoning characterized by strong headache, nausea and vomiting, slow pulse and excessive urination. The victims are often domesticated animals because the may lily is a widely distributed cultivated plant.

May lily is 15 to 30 or 40 cm high, has two 10 cm long and 4-10 cm wide leaves and small fragrant white blossoms. It grows in places, having an altitude of up to 1400 m. The fruit is a bright-red strawberry.
Its glycosides were used in the past as a source of medical products for cardiology but they have already been replaced by more effective medicines.

Soil Type - Sandy loam to clay soils
Soil ph - neutral to slightly acidic
Water - moist to dry
Light - Full Shade to full sun
Height - 6 in.
Time of bloom - Early spring
Flower colors - White ,pink

Facts: Signifies a "return to happiness". Lily of the valley is much used in bridal arrangements for their sweet perfume. Traditionally associated with May 1st, especially in France where the "muguet" is handed out at special events.


铃兰

花语：纯洁·幸福的到来

种类：百合科
原产地：日本、欧洲
花色：白
花期：初夏
●别名：君影草

又名「君影草」，但一般仍通称为「铃兰」。

这种有香味的小花，在法国的婚礼上常常可以看到。送这种花给新娘，是表示祝福新人「幸福的到来」。大概是因为这种形状像小钟似的小花，令人联想到换起幸福的小铃铛吧！另外，也因为铃兰的生长地域不大，又被称为「山谷百合」，给人一股「纯洁清新」的感觉。

传说，在森林守护神圣雷欧纳德死亡的土地上，开出了白色又具有香味的铃兰。铃兰绽放在那块冰凉的土地上，就是圣雷欧纳德的化身．．．．。

由於所有花朵都向下绽开，当切花使用时，应以细铁丝和透明胶带特别处理，让花朵看起来比较明显。


铃兰原产欧洲。我团不少地区有野生分布，常生于阴坡林下，耐寒，喜散射光和阴凉、湿润的环境，忌炎热。要求排水良好的沙质壤土。

繁殖
　　常用根状茎或幼芽分株繁殖。秋季地上部枯萎后掘起根状茎，取茎端的幼芽分株栽植。大的幼芽分株后翌春可开花，小的需隔１年后开花。

栽培
　　栽植根茎春季萌发后，每旬追肥１次，花茎抽出后停止施肥，花凋谢后再追肥１－２次，使根茎生长充实。天旱时注意浇水。晚秋地上部枯萎后，以根茎及其林眠芽露地越冬，并覆盖腐叶、马粪，翌年春季发芽、开花必旺。盆栽促成栽培，将处理过的根茎，在室温２０℃左右栽植，注意浇水，保持湿润，培养３－４星期后开花。

江湖

Lavender is an herb rich in history and culture. Long prized for its scent and healing properties, it is also one of the most beloved plants in the garden. Ranging in colors from vivid sun-soaked indigo to a subtle violet-white; it evokes within all who encounter this plant a sense of calming and rest through its wonderful heady and unmistakable aroma. Lavender is rich in aromatic molecules called esters, which are antispasmodic, pacifying and tonic, while other molecules give it its antiviral, bacterial and anti-inflammatory powers. One of the most consistent of the many therapeutic attributes of Lavender oil is respiratory relief. Hood River Lavender's Certified Organic Lavender oil is of particular benefit to respiratory relief.
With its magnificent hues and beguiling aromatic perfume, Lavender has had its place in the hearts of men and women almost since the beginning of time. In ancient Rome lavender was recognized for its healing and antiseptic qualities, its ability to deter insects, and for washing. The name of lavender comes from the Latin word ‘lavare’ meaning ‘to wash’, and was used as a ritual bathing herb in ancient Rome.

Biblical references and folklore have mingled together over the years, and it was believed that Adam and Eve took lavender with them when they were banished from the Garden of Eden. As that legend goes, lavender later received its perfume distinction when Mary laid the baby Jesus’ clothes upon a bush of it to dry. Lavender was later regarded to ward off evil and in Medieval times a cross made of lavender hung over the door provided a safeguard against disease and evil in general.

During the 17th century in London, it was suggested that a bunch of lavender be tied around the wrist to protect one from the Great Plague. To the credit of our ancestors, lavender really did provide a protection from evil in that it did appear to guard against disease.

lavender薰衣草，英文名“lavender"
薰衣草是一種馥郁的紫藍色的小花，原产于地中海一带，其中以法国南部的普羅旺斯最为著名。因其美丽芳香的花穗和浪漫的色彩，被誉为“宁静的香水植物”。薰衣草的香气浓郁，另人感到安宁镇静，具有洁净身心的功效，古罗马人就常用它来沐浴薰香。

薰衣草性喜乾燥，花形如小麥穗狀，有著細長的莖幹，
花上覆蓋著星形細毛，末梢上開著小小的紫藍色花朵，窄長的葉片呈
灰綠色，成株時高可達８０公分，通常在六月開花。每當花開風吹起
時，一整片的薰衣草田宛如深紫色的波浪層層疊疊地上下起伏著，剎
是美麗。
在中古時期，因薰衣草本身具有殺蟲效果，人們通常把用薰衣草作成
香包放在櫥櫃中，來驅蟲；而羅馬人則因其具有抗菌力，因此常用薰
衣草來泡澡和清潔傷口；在世界大戰抗生素缺乏時，曾經用薰衣草來
抗發炎。近幾年來，由於其顯著的療效、美麗的色彩及迷人的香味，
因而走出「傳統藥草」，進而更是成為流行的『芳香（aromatheraphy）
療法』主要原料之一。由薰衣草提煉出來的芳香精油是所有芳香精油
中治療用途最廣的一種。
Over time lavender has been associated with love. In Tudor times, if a maiden wanted to know the identity of her true love, she would sip a brew of lavender on St. Luke’s day while murmuring: “St. Luke, St. Luke, be kind to me, In my dreams, let my true love see me”. Alpine girls tucked lavender under the pillows of their lovers in hopes of turning their thoughts toward love and romance. Once married, newlyweds would put bunches of lavender under their mattress to ensure that marital passion.

薰衣草的爱情传说

紫蓝的薰衣草，往往与浪漫的爱情是分不开的。当您与恋人置身在薰衣草田中，风吹起时，大自然暖紫色的海浪，一种唯美的蛊惑，好像时间都为你们停顿了。法国的普罗旺斯与日本北海道的富良野亦是因此而永远美丽，永远是浪漫电影的拍摄场景。

有关薰衣草的爱情故事很多，不过很奇怪，许多时候这些故事都是与魔鬼或是与神圣有关，可能是薰衣草从古便被认为是具有神力的一种神圣药草。欧洲中古时就有这麼一个传说：一个美丽的村女见一位风度翩翩的英俊绅士，连续好几天和他幽会，甚至还跟他约定要一起私奔。不过，在他们约定要私奔的前一天，村女突然对绅士的身份起疑，於是偷偷带了一把薰衣草在身上。第二天，当绅士出现要带她远走高飞之际，村女偷偷拿出薰衣草花束，投掷在她的爱人身上 - 结果发现，原来绅士竟是可怕的魔鬼所而成的! 露出原形的魔鬼又惊又怒，但又害怕薰衣草的神圣力量，只好逃之夭夭。 由此可见薰衣草不一定是催情良方呀！
在葡萄牙，对女人应特别有礼貌，这是一种社会风尚，故不可忽视。薰衣草是葡萄牙的国花。葡萄牙人民十分喜欢薰衣草，这是因为它不但有观赏价值，而且有较高的经济价值，它是制造香皂、卫生皂、花露水、清凉油、洗发乳液、冷霜的重要原料。

薰衣草花语--等待爱情

江湖

History of the Lilac

The Syrings vulgaries (common lilac) was brought to the U.S. by the settlers. This plant is very hardy and established itself very easily. These lilacs still mark the location of long disappeared homesteads of the early settlers.Lilacs mark the start of spring with a showy display of blooms. The time of the bloom is a good predictor of spring being early or late.
About Lilacs

Lilacs fall in the USDA Hardiness Map in zones 3,4, 5 and the less severe portions of zone 2. Wrightwood, with its varying topography, is within the constraints of zones 3-4.The blossoms are available in seven different colors: White, blue, lavender, pink, purple, violet and magenta.Lilacs are some of the first plants to bloom, lasting 2-3 weeks from bud to fading bloom.
type of Lilac

A common lilac found in the area is Syringa vulgaris (common or old fashioned) lilac. These are very hardy, drought tolerant and fragrant. They do send out suckers which can help the plant to remain young and in good flowering condition for many years.Another popular lilac is the Syringa reflexa. These bloom about a week later than the , and can have pink to lavender flowers. They do not sucker and can grow 10-12 feet in height.
    东非高原南部的坦桑尼亚，有一个在印度洋中的小岛--奔巴岛。面积不过980平方公里的岛上，生长着360万株丁香树，成为举世闻名的“丁香之岛”，这里被人称为“世界上最香的地方”。它与“姐妹岛”--桑给巴尔岛上的l00万株丁香树，所产的丁香总量，占国际市场的80%。丁香的产值占当地政府总收入的96%以上。当地居民把丁香树誉为“摇钱树”确实名不虚传。

    丁香的经济价值很高，是一种名贵香料和药材。丁香油不仅是食品、香烟等的调配料，还是高级化妆品的主要原料，又是牙科药物中不可缺少的防腐镇痛剂。作为商品的部位是含苞待放的丁香花蕾，它的叶片也含有香素。海风吹来，满林飘香，直沁心脾；每年丁香花可收获两次，粒粒丁香浸透着花农们的心血。慕名而来的游客，络绎不绝，流连忘返，为吸到一口气味芬芳的花香而感到荣幸和欣慰.


丁香花
花 语：光辉（Bright）
丁香花拥有天国之花的光荣外号，也许是因为它高贵的香味，自古就倍受珍视。因此丁香花的花语，也是配得上天国之花外号的光辉。
受到这种花祝福而生的人，受天神所祝福，有光辉的人生。由於太聪明，而有喜欢走捷径的毛病。希望在追求的过程中，别忘了最终的目的。