【原创】音乐与语言能力习得过程的类比

malindalu

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span class="tpccontent"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"> 世界上每个孩子都具有音乐的潜能。但音乐能力的发展在很大程度上受到他从出生到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</span> </span><span class="tpccontent"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">岁之间得到的音乐体验和鼓励的影响。</span> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">音</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">乐性向，就一个人学习音乐的潜能，从出生到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">岁间是发展的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">岁是，这种潜能趋于稳定（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Gordon, 1997</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">）。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">岁之前，如果孩子环境中的成年人能提供丰富的音乐环境，象教他们母语一样地帮助孩子积累音乐经验，鼓励他们学习用音乐思考，那么孩子就能够</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">保持他出生时与生俱来的音乐潜能。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"> 让我们一起来回想一个孩子是如何学会说母语的。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">从在母亲子宫内</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">个月起，他就开始听到周围人们</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">说的语言。理想状态下，自他出生起，在他听到周围人在说话时还能感受到眼神，肢体的交流；在还不完全理解时，父母就给他们读书。他们象海绵一样吸收所有听</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">到的，他们开始模仿发声，但受生理器官发育所限，他们在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">个月前只能发出模糊，不明所义的咿呀声。之后，当成年人一对一地与孩子说话时，便提供了语言学习</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">的非正式指导。很快，孩子就</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">破译</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">了母语的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">密码</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">，开始模仿真正的语词。通过倾听和尝试用这些语汇与他人交流，他们开始学会架构词组和句子。后来，随</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">着他们语言经验的积累，以及相应生理机能的成熟，他们又学会了用语言思考，并把听到的和想到的字句读写出来。听，说，读，写</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">这就是儿童依序发展而来的</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">语言能力。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"> 与之不同的是，在音乐的领域，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">孩子们往往得不到与母语学习过程中类似的环境与耐心。很多孩子在开始他们的第一堂音乐课前，并没有足够的音乐语汇的累积。很多幼儿园的音乐课往往就是让孩</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">子们高兴，马马虎虎的教会唱几首歌，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">做几个律动。如果孩子们玩得高兴，幼儿园和父母们就认为音乐课上得很成功。可是，孩子需要更深层次的音乐理解以获得更高的满足。有趣只是暂时的，但对音乐</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">的理解能终其一生。另一种传统的音乐教育则倾向于给予孩子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">正规的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">音乐指导，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">跟我唱！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</span></span><span class="tpccontent"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quo