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[父母加油站] 本月22号是冬至~~~~~妈妈们都来学一手煲汤了

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发表于 2005-12-7 12:59:38 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
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align="left"><font color="#ff7100" size="5">关于煲汤要注意的一些问题   第一是懂药性   比如煲鸡汤是为了健胃消食,就加肉蔻、砂仁、香叶、当归。为了补肾壮阳,就加山芋肉、丹皮、泽泻、山药、熟地黄、茯苓。为了给女性滋阴,就加大枣、黄芪、当归、枸杞子......不一而足。   第二是懂肉性。   煲汤一般以肉为主。比如乌鸡、黄鸡、鱼、排骨、龙骨、猪脚、羊肉、牛骨髓、牛尾、狗脖、羊脊等等,肉性各不相同,有的发、有的酸、有的热、有的温,入锅前处理方式不同,入锅后火候也不同,需要最少时间也不同。   第三是懂辅料   常备煲汤辅料有霸王花、霉干菜、海米、花生、枸杞子、西洋参、草参、银耳、木耳、大枣、八角、桂皮、小茴香、肉蔻、草果、陈皮、鱿鱼干、紫苏叶等不一而足,搭配有讲究,入锅有早晚。   第四是懂配菜   煲汤时很少仅***喝汤解决一餐,还要吃其他菜,但有的会相克,影响汤性发挥。比如吃羊肉汤,不宜再同吃韭菜;吃猪脚汤,不宜吃松花蛋与蟹类等等。   第五是懂装锅   一般情况下,水与汤料比例在1:3&mdash;&mdash;1:4左右,同时加盐、加小苏打(仅酸性汤料需加)等,猛火烧开去沫,微火炖至汤余一半左右到3/4即可。   第六是懂入碗   根据不同汤性,有的先汤后肉,有的汤与料同食,有的先料后汤,有的喝汤弃料,符合要求就最大限度发挥作用,反之就影响接受效果。   <font color="#ff7100">如何煲汤更富营养   中国人喜欢喝汤。家庭餐桌上,汤成为沟通家人情感的佳品。从制作和 使用情况来看,煲汤可分两种制作方法,一种是先煲好汤,用该汤制作汤菜;另一种是直接在容器中煲汤,连汤带菜一起食用。前者可分为白 汤和清汤,并可作为后者的原料。   下面,以最常见的鸡、猪肘、猪里脊 等原料为例,介绍煲清汤时的关键所在。   如果要煲鸡汤,应先将鸡开膛、洗净,剔下脯肉、腿肉,以所剩骨架供煲汤之用。煲蹄膀汤也是一样,先将猪肘洗净、划开,露出骨头。一般煲汤时,多使用完整的净鸡等原料,最多是为了便于烹煮而简单切几刀。 准备好原料后,需加水后用旺火煮沸。这一步看似简单,但是,如果问应该加多少水,得到的答案可能就五花八门。然而,这可是煲汤的关键 。研究发现,原料与水分别按11、11.5、12、1不同的比例煲汤,汤的色泽、香气、味道大有不同,结果以11.5时最佳。对汤的营养成分进行测定,此时汤中氨态氮(该成分可代表氨基酸)的含量也最高,甚至高于用水较少时。这是因为水的加入量过少,原料不能被完全浸没,影响了汤中营养成分的浓度。随着加水量的增加,汤中氨态氮 被稀释后浓度会有所下降。但是,汤中钙、铁的含量以原料与水1:1的 比例时为最高。   <font color="#ff7100">此外,煲汤时还要注意以下问题:    一、是忌中途添加冷水,因为正加热的肉类遇冷收缩,蛋白质不易溶解,汤便失去了原有的鲜香味。 二、是忌早放盐,因为早放盐能使肉中的蛋白质凝固,不易溶解,从而使汤色发暗,浓度不够,外观不美。 三、是忌过多地放入葱、姜、料酒等调料,以免影响汤汁本身的原汁原味。 四、忌过早过多地放入酱油,以免汤味变酸,颜色变暗发黑。 五、忌让汤汁大滚大沸,以免肉中的蛋白质分子运动激烈使汤浑浊。<table height="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="565" border="0"></table>煲汤常备中草药及其药性常备中草药并其药性:   芡实Euryale ferox Salib   性味甘涩、平,归脾肾经,补脾祛湿,益肾固精,滋补强壮,开胃进食,助气培元,补中益气。益秋令平补。   枸杞子Frultus Lycii   性味甘平,归肝肾经,滋补肝肾,益精明目,益用于虚劳精亏,腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,目昏不明。益长期进补。   核桃仁   性味甘温,归肺、肾、大肠经,补肾助阳。补肺温肺止咳,润畅通便,补肾固精,消肿散毒。益用于肾虚腰痛,筋骨无力,肺虚或肺身两虚,久咳气喘,虚寒喘咳,津枯肠燥。   淮山(山药)Rhizoma Dioscoreae(Common Yam Rhizome)   性味甘平,归脾、肺、胃经,健脾,补肺肾,厚肠胃。益用于脾虚泄泻,久痢,虚劳咳嗽,遗精带下,小便频数,消渴,子宫脱垂。   忌:感冒,湿热,实邪及肠胃积滞者慎用   党参Radix Codonopsis pilosula   性味甘平,归脾、肺经,补中益气,健脾益肺,用脾肺虚弱,气短心悸,食少便溏,虚喘咳嗽,内热消渴。   忌与藜芦同用。   茯苓Poria   性味甘淡平,归心、肺、脾、肾经,利水渗湿,健脾宁心,益用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾叙食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。   白芷Angelica Root(Radix Angelicae Dahuricae)   味辛微苦,气芳香,性温,归肺、胃经,祛风湿,活血排脓,生肌止痛,通窃,燥湿止带,益用于头痛,牙痛,鼻渊,肠风,痔漏,赤白带下,痈疽疮疡,皮肤搔痒。   忌:阴虚血热者忌用   白芍White Peony(Radix Paeoniae Alba)   性味苦蒜,微寒,归肝、脾经,平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗,益用于头痛,眩晕,肋痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗。   忌:不宜与藜芦同用   白术Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome(Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephatae)   性温味苦甘,燥温,健脾,归脾、胃经,健脾益胃,燥湿和中,健脾益气,燥湿利水,益用于止汗,安胎,治胃癌,食道癌,肝癌等消化系统癌肿,易于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。   白果Semen Ginkgo   味甘苦涩,性平,有小毒,归肺经,敛肺定喘,止带浊,缩小便,益用于痰多喘咳,带下白浊,遗尿尿频。   忌:咳嗽痰稠不利者慎用。   当归Anglica Sinensis(Olic。)Didl   味甘辛,性温,归肝、心、脾经,补血活血,调经止痛,润畅通便,消炎止泻,祛风除湿,益用于血虚萎黄,悸晕心悸,月经不调,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,肠燥便秘,跌朴损伤。   黄芪Radix Astragail   性味甘温,归肺、脾经,补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌,益用于期许乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气血水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚萎黄,内热消渴,慢性肾炎,糖尿病。   泽泻Aisma orientalis(sam)Juzep   性味甘寒,归肾、膀胱经,利水,泽湿,泄热,益用于小便不利,水肿胀满,呕吐,泻痢,痰饮,脚气,尿血。   忌:肾虚精滑者忌   熟附子Radix Aconiti Laterailis Prepareata   味辛甘,性大热,有毒,归心、肾、脾经,回阳救逆,补火助阳,逐风寒湿邪,益用于亡阳虚脱,肢冷脉微,阳痿宫冷,心腹冷痛,阴寒水肿,阳虚外感,寒湿痹痛。   忌:孕妇禁用,不宜与半夏,瓜萎,贝母,百及同用!   杜仲Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv。   性味甘温,归肝、肾经,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎,益用于肾虚腰痛,筋骨无力,妊娠漏血,胎动不安,高血压。   川贝母Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae   味苦甘,性微寒,归肺、心经,清热润肺,化痰止咳,益用于肺热燥咳,干咳少痰,阴虚劳嗽,咯痰带血,止肺癌,乳腺癌,淋巴癌。   忌:不宜与乌头类药材同用。   薏仁(薏苡仁)Semen Coicis   味甘淡,性凉,归脾、胃、肺经,健脾渗湿,除痹止泻,清热排脓,益用于水肿,脚气,小便不利,湿痹拘挛,脾虚泄泻,肺痈,肠痈。   陈皮Pericarpium Ciri Reticulate   味苦辛,性温,归肺、脾经,理气健脾,燥湿化痰,益用于胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。   菟丝子Cuscuta Chinensis LAin   性平微温,味辛甘,归肝、肾经,补肝益肾,益精明目,固精缩尿,补脾止泻,养肌强阴,坚筋骨,益用于腰膝酸痛,阳痿,早泄,遗精,遗尿,尿频余沥,耳鸣,头眩眼花,视力减退,带下。   忌:肾阳盛多活,阴虚火旺,大便燥结者,以及内热者慎用。   苦杏仁(北杏仁)Semen Armeniacae Amarum   性味苦温,有小毒,入肺、大肠经,止咳,咳嗽,痰喘,润肠通便。   注:苦杏仁有毒,用量上一定要注意,通常不得多于10克,煲汤的话,我通常就用几粒。   另外常备的中药还有:莲子,川芎,生地,熟地,肉桂,炮姜,半夏,砂仁,木香,干草灸,桃仁,艾叶,百合&hellip;&hellip;   附:**四神汤方:茯苓,淮山,芡实,(莲子),薏仁,(当归)   补脾益气,健胃止泻,益用于食欲不振,消化吸收不良,易腹泻或常有泥状软便者忌:便秘者不宜过量食用。   **四物汤方:熟地或生地,当归,白芍,川芎气虚可加党参,黄芪;血虚有寒可加肉桂,炮姜桃红四物汤加桃仁,红花,血虚血淤导致的月经过多;阿哀四物汤加:艾叶,阿胶,用来治疗月经过多,是安胎养血止漏的要方四物汤是补血、养血的经典方剂,也是妇科最常用的药物。   **四君子汤:人参,白术,茯苓,干草灸,(陈皮)补气健脾,本方是补气要方,益用于脾胃气虚引起的面色萎白,四肢无力,食少便溏,舌淡苔薄白,脉软无力。   六君子汤在四君子汤的基础上加陈皮,半夏,大枣,(砂仁),(木香)。   四物汤加四君子汤后,名&ldquo;八珍汤&rdquo;,能气血双补;在八珍汤的基础上再加上黄芪、肉桂,则成为老百姓非常熟悉的十全大补汤。   煲汤及饮食常见菜蔬本草药性:   胡萝卜性平,味甘,健脾,补血,助消化,助发育,益脾胃气虚,贫血,营养不良,食欲不振者,青少年,儿童,癌症患者,高血压,胆石症患者以及长期与汞接触者食用。适宜皮肤粗糙,头发发痒,头皮屑过多,以及夜盲症,眼干燥等使用。忌:忌与过多酸醋同食,否则容易破坏其中的胡萝卜素。   黄瓜性寒,味甘,清热解暑,生津止渴,利尿适宜炎夏酷暑季节火热性病人,身热口干烦渴者,适宜肥胖者食用,适宜高血压,高血脂,水肿患者食用,适宜癌症患者,糖尿病任何嗜酒者食用。忌:平素脾胃虚寒,腹泻便溏之人,或有胃寒病宿疾之人忌食生冷黄瓜,女子月经来朝期间忌食生冷黄瓜,寒性痛经者尤忌。   冬瓜性寒,味甘淡,清热消痰,利水解毒减肥。适宜肾脏病水肿,妊娠水肿,肝硬化水肿,胀满,脚气,糖尿病人食用,适宜暑热天气烦闷,痰吼咳喘,泻痢,痈肿之人食用,适宜癌症病人食用,适宜怀孕妇女食用,适宜肥胖者常食多食,适宜动脉硬化,冠心病,高血压患者食用,适宜维生素c缺乏症者食用。忌:平素脾肾阳虚,久病滑泄之人忌食。   海带性寒,味咸,化痰,软坚,降血压适宜各种癌症患者,甲状腺肿,和肥胖之人食用,适宜高血压,高血脂,冠心病和动脉硬化病人食用,适宜淋巴结核,睾丸肿痛,便秘之人食用,适宜老年慢性支气管炎,夜盲症患者食用,适宜防止儿童,妇女,老年人佝偻病,软骨症,骨质疏松忌营养不良性贫血时食用。适宜铅中毒职业病者食用,适宜头发稀疏者食用。有利于头发生长,可抵御辐射损伤。忌:海带性寒,素有胃寒病者忌食,怀孕妇女忌不如期妇女忌过量食用。   土豆性平,味甘,补气,健脾适宜脾气虚,营养不良之人食用,适宜胃及十二指肠溃疡之人食用,适宜癌症患者,尤其是患有乳腺癌,直肠癌者食用,适宜高血压,动脉硬化者食用,适宜维生素b1缺乏症,坏血病患者食用,适宜肾炎患者食用,适宜习惯性便秘者食用。忌:糖尿病患者忌食   西红柿性微寒,味甘酸生津止渴,健胃消食适宜发热口干,暑热烦渴,食欲不振之时食用,适宜高血压,
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 楼主| 发表于 2005-12-7 13:01:32 | 只看该作者
<p align="center">美容煲汤菜谱<img src="http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/mmsource/images/2005/12/01/ee051201578.jpg" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" /> <font color="#ff7100">青苹果炖芦荟 <p align="left">  芦荟素有美颜功效,配上青苹果炖制,滋润清甜,又具补中益气、生津健胃、养颜养生、清肝热的疗效,闲来一盅,润心又润肺。由于芦荟汁略显苦味,怕苦的朋友就放少点(2&mdash;3克)。 <p align="left">  青苹果,含碳水化合物、苹果酸、柠檬酸、胡萝卜素、维生素B、C。苹果酸可以稳定血糖,维生素C可防止心肌炎。青苹果有补心益气、生津止渴、健胃及止泻功效。此外,苹果具有减肥作用,肥胖者适当多吃苹果,可减少对其他食物的摄入量,达到减肥效果。   <p align="left"> <font color="#ff7100"> 无花果南北杏清炖苹果 <p align="left">  无花果的味道甘中带甜,加上苹果的甜味,甜得来既天然又温和。无花果有清肠胃的作用,亦可滋润喉肺,在热气的时候喝一碗,可通便又可消热气。    <p align="left">  <font color="#ff7100">川贝雪耳炖木瓜 <p align="left">  木瓜,味甘性平,果实含番木瓜碱、木瓜蛋白酶、凝乳酶、胡萝卜素等,用来治疗吐泻腹痛、风湿性关节痛、腰膝酸痛等 ,选购时以质坚实、具清香为佳。 <p align="left">  清甜嫩滑的木瓜味道怡人,而雪耳亦非常爽口,加上具化痰止咳、润肺散结作用的川贝(药取3克),清新味美得令人停不了口。    <p align="left"> <font color="#ff7100"> 鲜奶炖木瓜雪梨 <p align="left">  先将鲜奶加糖煮热,再放入去籽去皮切成大粒的木瓜和雪梨,煮30分钟即成,鲜奶+木瓜=双重美白效果,配以润心的雪梨,真是由外靓到内。    <p align="left"> <font color="#ff7100"> 新鲜木瓜南北杏炖雪耳 <p align="left">  以新鲜木瓜、南北杏和雪耳炖成,木瓜可帮助消化、抗菌解热,南北杏止咳润肺,雪耳则能滋阴润肺、养胃生津。此款糖水味道香甜,无论冷吃或热吃都一样滋味。南北杏份量不宜过多,取10~15g左右,雪耳以片大身厚,完整不碎,色黄白,有光泽为佳。 <p align="left">  雪梨,味甘性寒,含苹果酸、柠檬酸、维生素B1、B2、C、胡萝卜素等,具生津润燥、清热化痰之功效。    <p align="left">  <font color="#ff7100">雪蛤豆浆汤丸 <p align="left">  补肾益精、润肺养阴的雪蛤膏配上豆浆煮成的芝麻汤丸,内有雪梨粒,清香又烟韧,对病后、产后虚弱,或因工作繁忙而导致健忘的人有奇效。    <p align="left"> <font color="#ff7100"> 海底椰炖雪梨 <p align="left">  海底椰素有润喉功效,配上清甜雪梨一块吃,止咳化痰当然不用说,各位&ldquo;烟民&rdquo;们饮用,最好不过啦!    <p align="left"><font color="#ff7100">  鲜雪梨南北杏炖雪耳 <p align="left">  主角同样都是炖雪耳,但配角换上了雪梨,令到整盅炖品更清润,生津解渴之余,又可清热气,在心情烦躁不安的时候,用此来清心火挺不错。此帖由 豆豆龙 在 2005-12-07 13:15 进行编辑...
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3#
发表于 2005-12-24 11:34:35 | 只看该作者
谢谢你,给以认知药材的名和用方法。
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