考孩子和解决问题不同

好运妈

看到论坛里关于考孩子和解决问题的内容，复习了一下doman阅读书中的内容，花了点时间敲上来，供大家参考。其中关于problem solving部分没敲全，只摘了几个重要的句子。

<B>Testing</B>
We have said much about teaching but absolutely nothing about testing.
Our strongest advice on this subject is do <I>not</I> test your child. Babies love to learn but they hate to be tested. In that way they are very like grown-ups. Testing is the opposite of learning. It is full of stress.
To teach a child is to five him a delightful gift.
To test him is to demand payment in advance.
The more you test him, the slower he will learn and the less he will want to.
The less you test him, the quicker he will learn and the more he will want to learn.
Knowledge is the most precious gift you can give your child. Give it as generously as you give him food.

What is a Test?
What is a test? In essence it is attempt to find out what the child <I>doesn’t </I> know. It is putting him on the spot by holding up a card and saying, “what’s this say?” or “Can you read this page out loud for your father?” it is essentially disrespectful of the child because he gets the notion that we do not believe he can read unless he proves it-over and over again.
<I>The intention of the test is negative one-it is to expose what the child doest not know.</I>
Winston Churchill once wrote in describing his own experience with school:
“These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariable those I fancied least…I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations…”
As we have already said and cannot say often enough, the result of testing is to decrease learning and the <I>willingness</I> to learn.
Do not test your child and do not allow anyone else to do so either.

<B>roblem-solving opportunities</B>……
Well what is a mother to do? She does not want to test her child, she wants to teach him and give him every opportunity to experience the joy of learning and accomplishment.
Therefore, instead of testing her child she provides problem-solving opportunities.<I>The purpose of a problem-solving opportunity is for the child to be able to demonstrate what he knows if he wishes to do so.</I>

It is the exact opposite of the test. A very simple problem-solving opportunity would be to hold up two of his favorite cards. Let’s say you choose “apple” and “banana” and you hold them up and ask, “Where is banana?” This is a good opportunity for a baby to look at or touch the card if he wishes to do so. If your baby looks at the card banana or touches it, you are naturally delighted and make a great fuss. If he looks at the other word, simply say, “This is apple” and “This is banana.” You’re happy, enthusiastic, and relaxed. If he does not respond to you question hold the word banana a little closer to him and say “This is banana, isn’t it?” again in a happy, enthusiastic, relaxed way. End of opportunity. No matter how he responds he wins, and so do you, because the chances are very good that if you are happy and relaxed he will enjoy doing this with you.
With your two-year-old you might hold up the same two cards but the question would be different: “What did you have on your cornflakes this morning?”
The same problem-solving opportunity for your three-year-old might be: “What is log and yellow and tastes sweet?”
With your four-year-old you might ask, “Which one grows in Brazil?” and with your five-year-old, “Which one contains more potassium?”
The same two simple single words but five very different questions geared to the knowledge and interest of the child.

<I>A properly asked question creates an irresistible problem-solving opportunity.</I>It is a world away from the dull and tedious world of “What does this say?”……下面的段落介绍和孩子玩bingo游戏，以前zhoumanlin介绍过的。
<I>If for any reason you or your child does not enjoy problem solving, don’t do it.</I>
……

dyly

我翻了这本台湾翻译本，根本就没有Problem-solving opportunities……,好运妈，能否将这部分内容全敲上来？太长就不麻烦了。

好运妈

dyly+-->引用:dyly 我翻了这本台湾翻译本，根本就没有Problem-solving opportunities……,好运妈，能否将这部分内容全敲上来？太长就不麻烦了。   

我会抽时间全敲上来的，关于这部分内容对大家很有用。就是太忙了，我尽快做。

好运妈

刚把problem solving部分的又敲了些上来，见首贴。

liangsf

谢谢好运妈！

dyly

谢谢好运妈，真的辛苦了！
doman意思是妈妈们要给孩子创造一些再认提取知识的机会，很好。可是最根本的是应该怎样让孩子自己去提出问题发现问题，把隐性记忆转变成工作记忆，转变成再认能力，最终转变成解决问题的方法吧！

doudoumm

谢谢好运妈和dyly.

cissy666

THANKS A LOT , HAOYUN MAMA

家制书

看了有些体会，可能是该找英文版看了

子墨妈妈

neidijiaoyu zhende youdaitigao