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本帖最后由 happy_99 于 2014-11-4 11:09 编辑
主谓一致中需要注意的几点情况
主谓一致原则有以下几种情况需要注意:
(一)形式上为复数,但意义上为单数的名词作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类名词有以-s结尾的表示科学、专业、疾病等术语的名词及其他名词。如:economics, linguistics, politics, mathematics, physics, measles(麻疹), news, works, brains(智慧)等。例如:
Physics is a difficult subject.物理是有难度的学科。
Brains is very important to a person.智慧对一个人来说很重要。
(二)表示时间、距离、重量、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为主语表示一个整体概念时,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.对于这么困难的工作来说,5个小时的时间不长。
Ten miles is a long way to walk.十英里对于步行来说不短。
(三)people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数;而集合名词army, class, club, committee, crowd, crew, family, gang, herd, jury, public, congress, assembly, band等作主语时,如指整体,谓语动词用单数;如指整体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数。例如:
The family is going to move to Beijing.我家要看得到北京去。
The family have different opinions about their going abroad.家人对他们出国的看法不一。
(四)分数、百分数以及all, part, some, most, half, the rest of等表示部分的词或短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。例如:
Most of the university students have part-time jobs to finance their tuition.大多数学生为了筹集学费做兼职。
Most of the work hasn't been finished yet.大多数工作还没有完成。
(五)名词或代词后跟with, aolong with, like, accompanied by, except, besides, as well as, together with, in addition to, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等引导的结构做主语时,谓语动词随结构前的名词或供词的形式而定。例如:
you, rather that your sister, are responsible for the matter.你,而非你姐姐对这件事负责。
(六)由and连接的名词的主谓一致有以下几种情况:
1. 当and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一事或同一概念时,它后面的名词前不用冠词,谓语动词用单数。例如:The teacher and witer is respected by all the people around.当老师的作家受到周围人的尊敬。
2. 当and连接两个都有冠词的名词作主语时,表示不同的概念,谓语动词用复数。例如:The teacher and the writer are respected by all the people around.老师和作家受到周围人的尊重。
3. 用and连接的两个形容词修饰名词时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Social and political freedom are limited there.社会和政治自由在这里是受到限制的。
4. 用and连接的单数名词,当前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数。例如:Every man, woman, and child is entitled to take part in the activity.每个男人、妇女和儿童都有资格参加这项活动。
(七)不定式短语、动名词或从句等作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:Reading in the morning is good for learning English.早上读英语对英语学习有帮助。
但是,如果and连接两个相同的结构时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.看书和打按乒乓球是我很喜欢的活动。
(八)当主语由or, tither...or, neither...nor, not only...but (also)等连接的两个名词或代词组成时,其谓语动词应与最近的名词一致。例如:Either you or I am wrong.你我中有一个人错了。
(九)当"one or two +名词复数"或“one or more +名词复数“作主语时,谓语动词用复数。当"one/a +单数名词or two"作主语,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。例如:
One or two books are needed.需要一本或两本书。
One book or two is / are needed.需要一本或两本书。
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