什么是Spalding Method？以及 SWR 、 Yesphonics音图的区别

瑜珈

    Phonograms音图，是美国脑神经专家Orton从英语单词中总结分离出来的，Spalding 女士梳理出29条拼写规则，与音图、Ayres spellinglist、Orton 的多感官学习理念相结合，形成了完整的一套拼写和拼读方法，并将研究成果著成书The writing road to reading. 在美国，这种方法被称为Spalding Method. 基于这种方法的教材有很多，使用的音图因为个人观点，都有些细小的差别。29条拼写规则最先也是由 Spalding总结的，同样的原因，不同教材之间都有细小区别。

    我写《phonics 拼写读》，采用的是Yesphonics的音图，因为我觉得这套有它独有的特点，每个音图的多种发音串在一个有意义的词组里，有助于记忆。SWR采用的是Spalding的音图，她曾是Spalding的学生。无论哪个，选定一种学就行了。获得授权影印书的代理人及她的学生，甚至有从我这里得到过帮助的儿教某人，说我盗版SWR，说这方法、这理念是SWR作者发明的，说雷同太多，就是盗版，连LOGIC OF ENGLISH也是盗版SWR，实在是很搞笑，神逻辑啊。LOGIC OF ENGLISH如果是盗版，怎么不见作者被起诉呢，看网上的信息，LOE在美国推广得很好啊。SWR是源于Spalding method，那些规则、标记符号都是Spalding首创，一个教程，即使用的音图、规则完全相同，书的主体部分写的方式完全不同也算是盗版？况且我用的是YESPHONICS的音图，跟SWR扯不上，这套音图是YESPHONICS官方帐号发在youtube上的，我有这个必要将其中改掉一两个，然后就说是我自己的吗？我用的规则，也是综合了网上所能找到的好几种的。我用的听写词汇，也不是WISE的2000词。有部分单词，没有象SWR那样对字典上的音节划分作变动，而是保留了字典的音节划分，根据ABC AND ALL THEIR TRICK的解说，对发音原因给予合理的解释。

完整使用SWR的话，是一个综合课程，还包括了很多拓展活动，比如语法、写作等，书名spell to write and read中的write是指写作，先从句子写起，再到段落、文章，拓展活动中是提供一些写作的点子，并没有写作指导，中国家长在家也教不了孩子的英文写作，需要请专业培训老师的；语法，也只是拓展活动中有一些简单的练习，不可能通过这个就能把语法学系统了，是需要通过学习综合英语教材学语法的，词根学习，也是需要其它材料来学习的，所以只我关注phonics的拼写和拼读功能，我书名中的“拼写读”，是拼写和拼读的合成，不是spell write read三词的翻译。

我写这书，与SWR的推广并没有关系，SWR今后的推广会有国内代理人按她的方式去做，我只是在推广用音图+拼写规则来拼写单词拼读单词的这种PHONICS的学习法而已。

瑜珈

什么是Spalding Method？
http://www.memoriapress.com/arti ... al-approach-phonics
The Spalding Method

The Spalding Method (The Writing Road to Reading) is so unique that I have divided all phoics programs into two categories: the traditional method and the Spalding method.

The Spalding method (WRTR) has been very prominent in classical education, and though not as widely used among homeschoolers due to its difficulty, it may be the most frequently used phonics program in classical schools.

The Spalding program was created by Mrs. Romalda Spalding who had a degree from Teachers College, Columbia University, and tutored several students with reading disabilities. She went on to develop her own program designed to teach all students, not just those with dyslexia. In 1957, Mrs. Spalding published her method in a 300 page manual, The Writing Road to Reading (WRTR), a work that proved too difficult for the average parent/teacher to decipher and, consequently, has generated a number of spin-offs, programs either designed to help implement WRTR as is, or modified WRTR programs.

Although there are two later editions of WRTR, I am referencing the 1990 edition because it is the last one prepared by Mrs. Spalding herself and thus should be the most accurate description of her method. The WRTR is difficult to comprehend, and I have given considerable time and effort to understanding it and to representing it accurately and fairly. No doubt there will be differences between this description and the spin-offs I mentioned above.

Summary of WRTR

Phonograms: A phonogram is a letter or group of letters that represents a sound. Students learn the common sounds of 70 phonograms in isolation, 54 before reading begins, and 16 afterwards. 46 phonograms have only one sound, 11 have two sounds, and 13 have three or more sounds. The first 54 phonograms are the 26 letters of the alphabet plus er, ir, ur, wor, ear, sh, ee, th, ay, ai, ow, ou, oi, oy, aw, au, ew, ui, oo, ch, ng, ea, ar, ck, ed, or, wh, oa.
Phonograms are taught by means of flashcards and dictation. Lessons are multi-sensory, meaning students hear, say, see, and write phonograms and spelling words.

Spelling Words: Students learn the spelling of the most common words based on the extended 1915 Ayers’ list of English words in order of frequency of use. Students learn 30 spelling words a week by analysis using phonograms and spelling/phonics rules. Students learn 150 of the most common words before reading begins, and continue learning to spell a total of 780 words in grade 1, and 1,700 words by grades 4-6.

Reading: Because spelling is the overwhelming focus of the Spalding program, the teaching of reading is not directly addressed. Reading begins, however, 2-3 months into the program, after 54 phonograms and 150 high frequency spelling words are learned.

Phonics/Spelling Rules: Students learn 29 spelling/phonics rules as they are needed in the weekly spelling lessons. Students do not have to memorize the rules but should be able to recognize or apply them.

Spelling Notebook: Students create their own spelling notebook every year in which they write each year’s and previous years' spelling words and rules. The words are marked according to the Spalding marking system.

Marking System: The marking system is no mark for short vowels, underlined for long vowels, and a number for additional vowel sounds. The marking system for other phonograms is the number of the sound on the back of the phonogram card if it’s not the first sound. All two-letter phonograms are underlined once and if the sound of the phonogram is not one on the phonogram cards it is underlined twice.

Assessment: Assessments are frequent, using the Morrison-McCall tests for spelling and McCall-Crabbs tests for reading comprehension.

瑜珈

SWR与YESPHONICS音图区别

音图	SWR	Yesphonics	备注
o	[ɔ]- [әu]-[u:]    Love, come, some,  mother等o，想成是第一音	[ɔ]- [әu]-[ʌ]-[u:]    增加第三音，解决love, some，mother的o发音问题	SWR  82页解释
i, y(作为元音)	[ i ]-[ai]	[ i ]-[ai]-  [i:]       增加第三音。相应的规则5也有不同，分别解释了发这个音的情况。美音字典happy，y是[i:]    关于第三音的发音情形，请查看规则卡5	SWR  84页解释。  其实可以象其它一种发音有多种音图选择时做法一样，明确提示就行了。这也是很多美国人持不同看法的一点，很多同体系教材都有第三音。因为它处于非重读音节，实际上是处于长[i:]短[ i ]之间。
/er/	5个，70音图中无our，列入高级音图	6个,  增加our
gu	70音图中无   ,  列入高级音图	72音图中教第一音[g]， 在高级音图中教第二音[gw]
ui	一个音。Spalding原来是两个音，同YESPHONICS，Wanda说大部分人suit读[su:t]了，所以删了第二音（见音图卡背面说明）	[u:] [ ju:]
ei,  ey	[ei]-[i:]-[ i ]	[ei]-[i:]    少SWR第三音    美国字典标honey中的ey为长音[i:]，与在非重读音节词尾y是一致的。	同Y的解释
ie	[i:]-[ai]-[ i ]	[i:]-[ai]    少SWR第三音，SWR例词collie，同上，美国字典标长音[i:]	同Y的解释

wherezhang

赞瑜珈！

摆事实讲道理，有条理，有证据。再有人睁着眼睛说瞎话，只能是故意歪曲事实，别有用心。

1717

一看就明白了，好清楚！