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转自The ABC‘s and Their Tricks 一书中的 spelling rules：
Consonants
The phonograms: b c d f g h j k l m n p qu r s t v w x y z
1) Q is always written with two letters, qu, when we say “kw.” The u is not considered a vowel in this case.
2) C before e, i, or y says “s.” When c by itself has a sound, it always says “s” if followed by e, i, or y (cent, ci ty, cy clone); otherwise its sound is “k” (cat, cy clone, mu sic).
3) G before e, i, or y may say “j.” When g has a sound by itself it can say “j” only if it is followed by e, i, or y. When followed by any other letter, it always says (hard) “g.” “Get,” “girl,” and “give” show that e and i do not always make g say “j.”
4) Gu before e, i, or y says “g.” In order to keep g hard before e, i, or y within a word, a “u” is added after the g, as in guest, guide, guit ar. The u goes with the g and does not act like a vowel in this case. Most words containing gu are from French and Spanish.
Vowels
The phonograms: a e i o u y
1) The vowels a, e, i, o, and u usually say (short) a, e, i, o, and u, when followed by a consonant before the end of a syllable, as in at, end, in, odd, and up.
2) The vowels a, e, i, o, and u usually say (long) a, e, i, o, and u at the end of a syllable, as in na vy, me, si lent, o pen, and mu sic.
3) “I” can say (long) “e” when it comes before another vowel in a suffix, as in ra di o or mil li on.
4) “Y” says (long) “i” at the end of short words or at the end of a syllable, as in my, try, ty rant; but at the end of a suffix y usually says (long) “e” as in ba by, love ly, and hap py.
5) A, o, and u can sometimes have a third sound, as in want, do, and put.
Silent Final E
1) time: The silent e is there to let the vowel say its name.
2) have: In English we cannot end a word with a “v,” so the silent e follows the “v.”
3) chance, change: The silent e follows the c and g so that they can say “s” and “j.”
4) lit tle: Every syllable in English must contain at least one vowel. The -ble, -cle, -dle, -fle, -gle, -kle, -ple, -sle, -tle, and -zle endings are the only syllables that would not contain a vowel without the silent e.
5) please: The silent e comes after a single s or z at the end of a root which is preceeded by another consonant or vowel team. The silent e shows that the s or z belongs to the root and is not a part of a suffix. Compare “pleas” (more than one plea) to “please,” and “dens” (more than one den) to “dense.”
Vowel Teams
The Phonograms: ai-ay ei-ey ey ee ea oa-oe ow ui-ue eu-ew ie cei
1) ai and ay are partner teams for long a: ai is found within the root (rain), and ay at the end of the root (play).
2) ei-ey are partner teams for long a: ei is found within the root (eight), and ey at the end of the root (they).
3) ey can say long e when it is used as a suffix, as in money, turkey, or valley.
刚好看到做个笔记。
money, turkey, valley 的ey says /i/， key 中的ey 才 says /E/。
ey has three sounds : /A/, /E/, /i/
ey这种情况读/i/还是/E/主要看是否重读，在重读时元音能很完整的发出来，就成长音，在非重读时发音轻，因而不完整，就成了短音。 其实读出来试试,不是长音,也不是纯粹的短音,介乎两者之间.
再看这条,类似的：
4) “Y” says (long) “i” at the end of short words or at the end of a syllable, as in my, try, ty rant; but at the end of a suffix y usually says (long) “e” as in ba by, love ly, and hap py. SWR认为y的读音是长音/I/和短音/i/，而没有/E/。这是因为baby,penny诸如此类词y一般都是非重读。二是如果认为是/E/，听写者还会有E, EE, EA, EY这些音图可以选择，而认为是/i/，只有y和i可选,而英语单词是不能以i结尾的，所以更能帮助拼写。是长是短美国历史上有争论,大约在二十世纪五十年代后期字典注为短音。
各种规则可以对照比较，哪个更好就吸收哪个
[ 本帖最后由 wangakai 于 2011-12-23 16:09 编辑 ] |
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狗仔卡
楼主
发表于 2011-12-23 20:08:02
