Phonics---b boy book bee goodbye bus bell box bag ball belt barn boat boot bubble
Phonics---p Peter park pencil policeman apple cap mop
Phonics—f fish fan finger fox foot fit fat fork fence feather
Phonics---v vest vine give violin vegetable eleven driver
Phonics---d dog bird good window door duck doll desk deer radio ladder
Phonics---t teacher tiger Peter ten target turkey table tent turtle teeth tomato
Phonics---g girl good tiger dog goose glove garden gun glue gate gift golf ghost giraffe
Phonics---k king kite key book bike monkey kitchen kangaroo kettle
Phonics---j jelly jar jewel jungle jeep jet jade jam Japan Japanese
Phonics---w window wolf warm worm web watch walk west work
Phonics—x box taxi wax fix mix max fax X-ray
Phonics---hard c cat count car ice cream cake cup camel coat clock carrot cow candy
Phonics---soft c pencil policeman motorcycle ice rice face juice dice cigar city celery
Phonics---s student snake bus nurse six sun saw soap seven sock song sandwich
Phonics---y yo-yo yard yarn yell yellow year yummy
Phonics—z zoo zero zebra zigzag zipper
Phonics—short a apple rabbit taxi ant hat cap map can bat cat ax fat happy
Phonics—short e seven pen yellow elephant desk net bell egg nest
Phonics---short i six fish Popsicle thin pig lips sink gift pin pink
Phonics—m game mountain man moon drum mouth jam ham monster
Phonics—n nine night neck nest newspaper nurse nose
Phonics—h horse hungry hat helicopter hammer hand head
Phonics—r radio rainbow rose river ribbon rice read rock eraser red room
Phonics—l lion library lamp leaf leg elephant umbrella / pencil girl bell real bill ball doll
Phonics—ch chopsticks watch teacher cherry chair chalk Chinese cheese beach
Phonics—sh shirt wash shore shoe dish wish fish
Phonics—th thanks tooth bath mouth thin
--th brother mother father those these that this
Phonics—final s/s/ plates clocks shirts cups boats cats cakes desks
--final s /z/ Pens dogs balls bees toys birds pictures dolls erasers violins plates
Phonics—final es /iz/ buses watches nurses sandwiches churches horses boxes glasses
Phonics—final ing drinking reading writing drawing eating singing cooking sleeping
Phonics—short u bus lunch hungry run cut jump hut drum sun
Phonics—short o Popsicle pot rock ox orange hot top clock sock pop stop chopsticks frog
Phonics—long e “ea” teacher read eat pea beach leaf peacock meat sneaker
(ea,ee)“ee” see-saw bee three tree seed heel reed jeep street knee
Phonics—er driver farmer ruler feather sweater mother father brother sister computer
Phonics—ar jar park part yard arm bar bark mark market dart Martian
Phonics—long a “a-e” game classmate name cake wake
(a-e,ai,ay) “ai” train pain brain rain
“ay” May play say way bay
Phonics—long e ( o-e) hole nose home bone rose rope toe
Phonics—final y /i/ candy baby library happy dirty busy twenty angry hungry
/ai/ my cry sky shy dry buy spy fly
Phonics—long i (i-e) bike ice cream slide rice mice drive five
Phonics—(nk,ng) nk thank monkey pink honk sink think ink drink
--ng dumplings hungry sing
Phonics—ur nurse hamburger turtle church
--ir girl bird thirteen thirty
Phonics—bl blow blanket blouse fly float flag flame
(bl,fl,gl,pl)---fl fly float flag flame
---gl glasses glad glue glace
---pl please plug plant place
Phonics—st street student star stone stove stay
(st,sk,sp)---sk ski sky skate skirt skunk
---sp spy spot spider spade sponge
Phonics— br broom branch bread brace brave
(br,cr,dr,tr)---cr cry crown crab crib creak
---dr dry drive drink draw drib
---tr try tree treat triangle trill trim
Phonics Skills
An English written word is made up of letters or letter groups, and a spoken word is made up of the sounds of these groups blended together. A learner can apply phonics skills to recognize how words are made up of these small units and understand the letter-to-sound correspondence.Phonics has an important role in English language learning for beginners. Phonics skills can facilitate the development of the four language skills. They help learners to gain confidence and competence particularly in the areas of pronunciation, spelling and reading.
You may find the learning of consonants confusing as some consonants have two sounds. It is better to teach consonants in the following sequence:
※consonants with a single sound
(b , d , f , j , k , l , m , n , p , r , s , t , v , z)
※consonants with more than one sound, depending on
the envoirnment
(c , g , h , w)
※consonant blends in which two or more consonants
are joined together to make another sound but retain
some of each of the original consonant sounds
making up the blends
(bl , cl , fl , gl , pl , sl , cr , dr , fr , gr , tr , st , sk , str)
※consonant digraphs in which two consonants are
combined and pronounced as one sound
(ch , sh , ph , th , gh)
To offer the following Website. I hope all these resources are useful in providing you with ideas on how to conduct phonics lesson.
http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Eacadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html
http://www-pub.naz.edu:9000/~jbu ... 0text%20article.htm
http://familyfun.go.com/parentin ... /dony0300fa_speech/
http://www.edict.com.hk/vlc/pronunciation/1a-index.htm
二十八条拼读规则
1. 字母q总是与u在一起,读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.
2. 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).
3. 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).
4. 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).
5. 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).
6. 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).
7. 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)
7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..
7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.
7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.
7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.
7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye
7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe
8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.
Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.
另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.
9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.
10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).
11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)
12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).
14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial
music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial
soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient
cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial
15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.
discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion
16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.
17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess
18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.
21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).
22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).
23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).
24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.
city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est
multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).
26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.
27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.
英式英语和美式英语的区别
英式英语用国际音标标记读音,美式英语用K.K音标标记读音。两者的主要区别是:英式英语元音不卷舌,美式英语元音后是r时元音卷舌,英式英语某些读 [ar] 的音,美式英语读 [a] ,英式英语某些读 [o] 的音,美式英语读 [ar] ,具体是:
1、重读-r音节er,ir,or,ur,英式英语读 [er] ,美式英语卷舌,读 [err] 。
2、轻读-r音节ar,er,ir,or,ur,英式英语读 [a.] ,美式英语卷舌,读 [a.r] 。
3、重读-r音节ar,er,单词are英式英语读 [ar] ,美式英语卷舌,读 [ar r] 。
4、重读-r音节和带-r的字母组合音节ar,or,ore,aor,oar,oor,our,英式英语读 [or] ,美式英语卷舌,读 [orr] 。
5、英式英语读 [ere] 的字母组合,美式英语卷舌,读 [erer] 。
6、英式英语读 [are] 的字母组合,美式英语卷舌,读 [arer] 。
7、英式英语读 [ure] 的字母组合,美式英语卷舌,读 [urer] 。
8、重读音节英式英语读 [o] 的字母,美式英语读 [ar]的短音 。
9、重读音节a的后面是-f, -m, -n, -s, -th, -th时,英式英语读 [ar] ,美式英语读 [a] 。
教学方法
一. 音图教学:
音图是代表单词中读音(即音素)的字母或字母组合。其形状仍是字母,但不再读字母名称音,而是读其在单词中的读音。一个字母构成的音图叫单音图,两个或两个以上字母构成的音图叫多音图由于所有单词都是由音图构成的,所以,一旦学生掌握了音图,就能拼出阅读中所遇到的几乎所有单词,不管以前是否学过。英语单词有100多万,要想全部记住是不可能的。但是,构成这些单词的音图只有75个,只要掌握了这75个音图以及相应的规则,就能够读出几乎所有的单词。正如掌握了7个音符以及有关乐理知识,就可以唱出无限的乐曲。
二. 单词教学:
传统的单词教学方法,是教师出示一个单词表,学生反复拼读,死记硬背。拼音英语的方法是教师听写单词,学生根据读音,在头脑中把单词分解为各个音素,在规则的指导下选择适当音图拼出这个单词。通过反复听写,学生牢固掌握了音图;通过分析思考,熟练掌握了读音规则,这样,在阅读中就可以直接读出生词。学生不再死记硬背,而是分析思考。在此过程中,学生的逻辑思维能力得到训练,智力得到开发。词义通过图画、实物、情境、例句、阅读、英文解释等方法加以揭示,培养学生用英语思维的习惯。
三. 阅读、写作教学:
学生具备了见词能读、听音能写的能力,就开始大量、广泛的自由阅读。情节生动、内容丰富、插图风趣的《拼音英语词表读物》与《拼音英语系列读物》激发了学生的学习兴趣,培养了他们快速、流利、准确和有理解的阅读习惯。在大量阅读中,扩大单词量,熟悉语法,增强语感,而且透过语言文字,深入英语文化,了解了英语国家的风土人情、历史地理、文学艺术,头脑中储存大量优秀的书面语言,从而极大地丰富学生的口头与书面表达能力。
四. 语法教学:
在低年级教授习惯语法,即只教给学生各种语法现象的书写形式及其读音,不进行深入讲解。然后让学生在大量阅读中通过多次感知逐渐熟悉和理解语法现象,形成语法概念。从三年级开始教系统语法。
五. 听说教学:
拼音英语主张"听读领先",而不是"听说领先"。因为语言能力的发展遵循"先输入,后输出"的规律。听读是输入,说写是输出。在时间上,输入要先于输出;在数量上,输入量要远远大于输出量才能形成有效的语言交际能力。拼音英语在入门阶段通过听磁带和大量阅读,在学生头脑中积累大量单词、句型、文章、故事,逐渐建立起系统化的英语知识网络体系,在此基础上进行一定的说写训练,就逐渐从输入转为输出――说和写。
[ 本帖最后由 乐乐520 于 2010-1-11 06:49 编辑 ] |