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【转帖】华佗嗜好玩弄权术 中医祖师爷原是无良神医

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发表于 2006-9-16 00:07:04 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">华佗嗜好玩弄权术</span><span lang="ZH-CN"><font face="Times New Roman"> </span> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中医祖师爷原是无良神医?</span> <span lang="EN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> <span lang="EN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-language: EN"></span> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  华佗,字元化,沛国谯人</span><font face="Times New Roman">(<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>今安徽毫县</span><font face="Times New Roman">)<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,一名旉。史载其:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>游学徐土,兼通数经。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>先为当时的沛相,魏伏波将军广陵太守陈登之父陈珪举孝廉,后来太尉黄琬亦曾辟他,因世道争乱而皆不就官。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  华佗的医术,历来就是脍炙人口,他在东汉时便已经可以施用打开腹腔的外科手术,而后又使用针线缝合,和现代医术如出一辙,书曰:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>病若在肠中,便断肠湔洗,缝腹膏摩,四五日差,不痛,人亦不自寤,一月之间,即平复矣。</span><font face="Times New Roman">……<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>又有人病腹中半切痛,十馀日中,鬓眉堕落。佗曰:</span><font face="Times New Roman">‘<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>是脾半腐,可刳腹养治也。</span><font face="Times New Roman">’<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>使饮药令卧,破腹就视,脾果半腐坏。以刀断之,刮去恶肉,以膏傅疮,饮之以药,百日平复。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>华佗在一千八百年前就可以进行脾脏摘除手术,足可见其医术之高明。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  而他所发明的</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>麻沸散</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,也是目前知道的世界上最早的纯中药手术麻醉剂,功效神奇,</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>若病结积在内,针药所不能及,当须刳割者,便饮其麻沸散,须臾便如醉死无所知,因破取。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>可以使受术者在手术过程中竟如醉死,一无所知。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  在罗贯中的《三国演义》中,有一段华佗为关羽刮骨疗毒的描写,说的是关羽在襄阳之战时为魏军毒箭所中,华佗为关羽剖臂刮骨,去除骨上剧毒,而关羽神色不变,尚在与人下棋。这一段极写关羽之神勇,也同时描写了神医华佗的医技高明。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  只是这一段其实是罗老先生杜撰的。关羽刮骨疗毒倒是真有其事,《三国志》《蜀书》《关羽传》有载:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>羽尝为流矢所中,贯其左臂,后创虽愈,每至阴雨,骨常疼痛,医曰:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>矢镞有毒,毒入于骨,当破臂作创,刮骨去毒,然后此患乃除耳。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>羽便伸臂令医劈之。时羽適请诸将饮食相对,臂血流离,盈於盘器,而羽割炙引酒,言笑自若。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>这里的说法是关羽一边在宴会上喝酒一边让医生为他疗毒,这件事如果按史实推断的话,当在襄阳之战以前发生的,而不是如《三国演义》里说的那样是在襄阳之战时的事。其次,那位医生也不是华佗,而是关羽军中的军医。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  在《三国演义》里。罗贯中为了突出曹操多疑的性格,将这件为关羽疗毒的功劳平白给了华佗,然后在后来华佗为曹操治头痛病的时候,提出要为曹操做开颅手术,曹操因此疑心大起,又联系起华佗为关羽疗毒之事,便怀疑他要谋害自己,遂将其下狱治死。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  说老实话,以华佗的医技来治关羽的这个伤,应该可以说是杀鸡用牛刀,绝无问题。这里要说的是华佗的死因,绝非是象罗贯中在《三国演义》里说的那样,是要为曹操做开颅手术而为曹操怀疑要谋害自己,终于不幸殒身的。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  历史上华佗死的原因是在于他想做官从政,华佗自己出身是士人,上面已经说了,他</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>游学徐土,兼通数经</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,而后以医术精湛而名闻天下。但是,在汉代,套用句老话,还是</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>万般皆下品,唯有读书高</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>的。医生,在史书上归入《方技传》,绝无可能单列一传,从这个上面也可窥知一二。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  华佗对自己的医生身份,一直是耿耿于怀心中以为耻的。史曰其:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>然本作士人,以医见业,意常自悔</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,所以,华佗时刻在寻找走上仕途的机会,遗憾的是,所有人都把他看做是一个好医生,而没有人把他看成是一个可以从政的士人。这个本来也是无可厚非,一个好医生如让他舍弃了医生身份而让他从政,实在有点可惜。而作为华佗,自己的理想是走上仕途,这个想法本也没有错,如果他以自己的才学走世上仕途,未必不是一件好事。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  只是可惜的是,华佗在试图走上仕途的过程中非但犯了一个大错,而且还暴露了他道德上的缺陷,并为此付出了生命的代价。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  当时的魏王曹操患有头痛病,后来尤甚。华佗医术出名,曹操遂</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>使佗专视</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,华佗成为了曹操的</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>御医</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,华佗看了曹操的病情后,说:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>此近难济,恆事攻治,可延岁月。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>意思是这个病一时难以治好,需要假以时日方可。在为曹操治疗的过程中,华佗便开始故意拖延进程,并又借口</span><font face="Times New Roman">“‘<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>当得家书,方欲暂还耳。</span><font face="Times New Roman">’<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>乃归家</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,而到家以后,又假辞以妻子生病,数次逾期不归。究其本意,乃是意图要挟曹操,谋取官职。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  曹操屡次手书招呼,又敕令郡县发遣,而</span><font face="Times New Roman">“(<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>华</span><font face="Times New Roman">)<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>佗恃能厌食事,犹不上道</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>。曹操遂</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>大怒,使人往检</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,但是他还是小心地先求证了一下,没有就此给华佗定罪:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>若妻信病,赐小豆四十斛,宽假限日;若其虚诈,便收送之</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,于是华佗谎言被揭穿,下狱。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  在华佗下狱后,曹操手下的头号谋臣荀彧为华佗求情,说:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>佗术实工,人命所县,宜含宥之。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>而曹操不从,并说:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>不忧,天下当无此鼠辈耶?</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>到了这个时候,曹操对华佗的鄙薄之意已然溢于言表。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  作为一个医生,把为病人治病当作一个走上仕途的手段而故意拖延并以此为要挟,华佗此举实在是有损医德,是可称为无良医生,曹操对他看不起,当是在情理之中。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  所以在华佗死后,曹操头风病虽然还是时时发作,但亦终不悔,并道:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>佗能愈此。小人养吾病,欲以自重,然吾不杀此子,亦终当不为我断此根原耳。</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>此话一针见血,道出了华佗的心思和华佗被杀的原因。可叹华佗一代神医,医术固然一流,只是却欲与一代雄杰的曹操玩弄权术,未免过于小瞧了曹操。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  曹操唯一的一次后悔杀华佗,是在他的爱子仓舒病重的时候,当时他曾说:</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>吾悔杀华佗,令此儿强死也</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>,对此子的爱惜之心可见一斑,难怪后来曹丕说如果仓舒在,他这个王子能不能当得上恐怕就很成问题了。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  由此可见,华佗虽然医术绝顶神通,只是为人实在不怎么地,竟然企图用病人的病来要挟,以此来实现自己走上仕途的愿望。只可惜最后机关算尽,反误了卿卿性命,非但身死,还连带着</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>麻沸散</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>和他精湛的外科手术就此失传。要是这些都流传了下来,那中华医学或许还可以因此而填补一下外科手术上的缺憾,而现在却只余下他创造的健身</span><font face="Times New Roman">“<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>五禽戏</span><font face="Times New Roman">”<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>和一些阉鸡阉鸭的雕虫小技,而人被走街穿巷的阉鸡匠人奉为了祖师爷,着实令人扼腕叹息。</span><font face="Times New Roman">  <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 160%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>  (摘自:史说新语</span><span lang="ZH-CN"><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: " roman??= new= ?times= mso-hansi-font-family:= roman?;= times=>中国友谊出版公司)</span><font face="Times New Roman">  此帖由 Nikki and Felix 在 2006-09-16 00:08 进行编辑...
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14#
发表于 2006-9-21 16:43:01 | 只看该作者
<font color="#ff0000" size="5"><font color="#ff0000" size="5">现在流行恶搞.<font color="#ff0000" size="5"><font color="#ff0000" size="5">该<img src="http://www.etjy.com/images/smiles/beat.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />
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13#
发表于 2006-9-19 23:08:08 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="center"><span>西医“<span lang="ZH-CN">霸权</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">与中医</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">正名</span>”</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="center"><font color="#1e90ff"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span> <p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">东方早报早报评论版主编 陈季冰责任编辑 魏英杰 刘景 单雪菱</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">SARS<span lang="ZH-CN">、禽流感、艾滋病等一些致命传染病日益威胁我们社会的背景之下,从去年下半年开始,国内一批人文知识分子掀起了一场为中医</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">正名</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的运动。他们列举了各个层次和专业内的许多临床数据,并搬出一大堆流行于当今西方的自然科学和社会科学前沿理论,试图证明中医的理论及其在治疗许多疾病时的有效性要远高于西医。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  我向来没有怀疑过中医的有效性,而且我本人也曾身受中药之惠,对中医药充满尊重和好感。但是,在研读了发表在《读书》、《天涯》等刊物上的大量相关文章之后,我发现这些知识分子的论证过程以及结论存在很大问题,如果真的按照他们的方式来重建国家的医学体系,恐怕不仅无助于未来中医自身的发展,反而会对整个医疗卫生体系造成更大的混乱和损害。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  如果做一个简单的梳理归纳的话,这些为中医</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">正名</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的主流叙事是这样的:</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  第一,中医与西医各有着自己截然不同的发展轨迹。中医强调人体的整体和各脏器之间的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">关系</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,而西医属于</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">原子论</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,强调单体分解。中医把人当成有机整体,西医把人当成有各种零件组成的机器。所以中医无论在理论还是在实践上都要比西医更高明。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  第二,近代之后中医衰落的根源不是中医治病无方,而完全是由于受到西医的压制、排挤和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">改造</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">所致。这个衰落过程,正是</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">西风东渐</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">以来西方科学理性在中国逐渐夺取意识形态上的压倒性优势的过程。中西医之间的地位消长,是中国现代国家的权力体制建构的结果。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  第三,要恢复中医昔日的地位,并为它谋求一个光明的未来,必须首先解构支配着国家现行科研、医疗及整个社会体系运行的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">科学理性</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">和</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">现代性</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">意识形态。当前社会普遍倡导的中医</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">现代化</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">、</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">科学化</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">只会加速它走向死亡。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  表面上看来,这是一种典型的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">后现代</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">叙事风格,但我不得不遗憾地指出,它在逻辑上必然指向</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">前现代</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的蒙昧。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  我一贯崇尚科学理性,但我从来就不认同</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">科学主义</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">和</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">理性主义</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。相反,我认为,科学和理性一旦被意识形态化,就会蜕化成绝对、僵化的教条,从而丧失它们最本质的启蒙价值。应当承认,当今世界上的许多生态问题、社会问题和伦理道德问题,都与所谓的</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">科学理性霸权</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">有直接或间接的关系。但如果撇清意识形态迷雾,我们就会认识到,科学理性本身包含着不受限制的开放性和可能性,它们永远都没有完成时。因此,反对科学主义并不等于反对科学,反对理性霸权也不等于反对理性,这两者是必须泾渭分明的。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  从这个意义上看,我有条件地赞同中医与西医的理论体系不能兼容的观点,我也不赞同将中医</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">西医化</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。中医应当保留和完善它独特的理论和临床方法,哪怕仅仅从文化的角度看,也当如此。然而我不能同意中医在效用上等同于甚至高于西医的说法,这充其量只不过是一部分人文知识分子的浪漫幻想罢了。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  这个问题要得到清晰的解释,需要放到整个社会变迁的视野中去观察。中国自</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">19<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪中叶起饱受西方列强屈辱,在过去的一个多世纪里,我们的传统思想价值、社会文化和生活方式受到了极大的挑战,并发生了翻天覆地的变化。在很大程度上说,今天中国社会的主流思想价值有点类似于</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">西学为体,中学为用</span>”———<span lang="ZH-CN">恰好颠倒了当年洋务运动的宗旨。作为中国人,我们当然会不时地为伟大的中华传统文化的衰微而感伤。但我们又不得不理智地自问:这样一个以引进西方知识为核心的现代化的历程,对我们这个古老国家来说,究竟是一种伤害还是进步?我们恐怕不得不承认,中国之所以从千年前的泱泱</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">中央帝国</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">沦落为百年前几乎灭亡,根源在于我们传统的政治、经济、文化体制长期处于僵化和停滞状态,远远落后于西方。而且,如果我们真的想要复兴我们自己的文化,唯有从虚心学习和借鉴西方开始。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  中医在近现代的曲折命运其实正是中国传统文化在过去百多年里变迁经历的一个缩影。也许我们可以豪迈地宣布:在一千年以前,中医要远比当时的西医高明。但到了今天,中医作为一门实践科学,在整体上确实已远远落后于西医。即使我们不肯承认这一点,也无法改变这个事实。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  人们总是愿意捧出一些零星的数据和病例来论证中医的有效和神奇,且不去探究这些事例和数据的可靠性和科学性,就算承认中医治病的疗效丝毫不输给西医,我依然认为它还是存在难以同西医展开平等竞争的致命缺陷。医学是一种理论体系,而任何一种理论体系要得以成立,光有实践中的有效性是远远不够的。远古时代的中国人几乎没有任何关于宇宙的正确知识,他们坚信</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">天圆地方</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,太阳每天早上从东海升起,晚上落于西山(中国东临大海,西背高原)。但这并不妨碍远古的人们编制出精确的历法,并成功地指导农业生产。那些农耕文明时代口口相授的口诀和谚语,在今天的农村里仍然具有极强的实用性。难道我们仅仅因为它们有效,就可以认为远古时代人们对宇宙万物的理解是正确的吗?</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  中医在实践中的有效性与理论上的蒙昧状态之间的矛盾,是它直到今天为止一直不能被真正承认和接纳为一门</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">科学</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的症结所在。我们并不少见下述让人匪夷所思的情景:两个同样有着骄人履历的</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">名中医</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">面对同一个病人,诊断的方式和结论可以南辕北辙,开出来的药方也全然不同,尽管服用后也许都是</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">有效</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的。因此,如果不能形成逻辑自洽、可重复的、开放性的理论体系,我们对中医就只能停留在</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">知其然,而不知其所以然</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的尴尬境地,它也就不可能获得可预见的发展,因为我们连发展的方向都没有找到。而面对日新月异的基因生物科学,如果我们永远只能端出一套</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">阴阳五行</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">、</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">大小周天</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">来,那会是十分可笑的。</span></span><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  不通过艰苦的理论研究来发现中医的科学机理并使之不断完善,而试图用颠覆所谓的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">西医及其背后的西方科学理性霸权</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">来实现中医的</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">复兴</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,只能把我们拉回到传说中的华佗和张仲景时代。那些起死回生的</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">神医</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">在那个蒙昧时代里并没有真正存在过,他们只存在于人文知识分子的诗意幻想中。</span></span>
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12#
发表于 2006-9-19 05:23:13 | 只看该作者
院长要起高楼<img src="http://www.etjy.com/images/smiles/eek.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />
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11#
 楼主| 发表于 2006-9-18 22:56:27 | 只看该作者
<font face="楷体_GB2312">动不动就影射别人数祖忘典, 可是<span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">三黄五帝历史也不是固定的.</span> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="3">先不要胡说八道, 学习学习再说:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="3"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">神农氏</span><span> </span> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"> 5000</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">多年前,神农氏为姜姓部落的一位首领,在他生活的哪个年代,作为一酋之长神农氏和普通氏族成员一样长年劳作在田间。在劳动实践中,他发明了中国最早的农具</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%">----</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">耒耜,从而大大促进了农业的发展,人们敬仰他对农业作出的贡献,所以称他为神农氏。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"> </span> <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><font face="楷体_GB2312" size="3">  神农氏所处的时代,正是父系氏族公社初期,那时还没有剥削压迫,人们相处平等友爱。据史书记载,神农氏在位的时候,男子在野外耕作,女子在家织布,治理国家不需要监狱和刑罚,坐天下的王也不需要军队、警察。</span><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">  神农氏还是中国最早的医药专家。据说,神农氏看到人民经常受到病魔的煎熬,心中忧虑不安。他从五谷能使人健康,联想到百草的果实块茎或许能治好人的疾病。传说中,神农氏跑遍山野采集各种各样的草药,为了摸清草药的特性,神农氏尝遍各种草药,常常中毒,甚至在一天中毒</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%">70</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">多次。据说神农氏还编写了《神农百草》,里面记载了治疗各种疾病的药方。</span> <font face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">  神农氏还是一个天文历算学家,他把伏羲氏所作的八卦,演绎为六十四卦,起名《归藏》,不仅用来记事,还用来算卜。另外神农氏看到不少人需要的东西自己不会生产,不需要的东西生产得很多,生活很不方便,就让人们带着东西集中到一个地方交换,由此产生了中国最早的集贸市场。</span> <font face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">  为了供人们在劳作后娱乐,神农氏还制造出五弦琴,这种琴发出像鸟鸣一样的美妙音乐,后来,他的儿子制作出一种叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">钟</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">的乐器,并创作了很多歌曲,这些乐器都流传了下来。</span> <font face="楷体_GB2312"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">  神农氏在位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%">140</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">年,后来他的统治地位被黄帝所取代,神农氏死后葬在湖南长沙,今天的的陵墓还在,不过人们称它为炎帝陵。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 155%"></span> <font face="楷体_GB2312" size="3"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="center"><font face="楷体_GB2312"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">神农氏是炎帝吗</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="center"><font face="楷体_GB2312"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">继伏羲以后,神农氏是又一个对中华民族颇多贡献的传说人物。除了发明农耕技术外,还发明了医术,制定了历法,开创九井相连的水利灌溉技术等。因为他发明农耕技术而号神农氏,可是他又称炎帝、赤帝、烈</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">(</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">厉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">)</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">山氏,则又成了与黄帝相争天下的首领。长期以来,对于神农氏是否即炎帝这个问题,一直悬而难决。</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">《白虎通义</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">·</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">号》说,神农氏能够根据天时之宜,分地之利,创作了来招等农具,教民耕作,使人民获得很大的好处,故号神农。《世本</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">·</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">帝系篇》则首把炎帝和神农氏扯在一起称</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">“</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">炎帝神农氏</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">”</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt
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 楼主| 发表于 2006-9-18 22:47:54 | 只看该作者
杏林春晓+2006-09-18 15:01+pid979463-->引用: 杏林春晓 @ 2006-09-18 15:01 [url=redirect.php?goto=findpost&p=979463">查看原帖[/url]  哈哈。楼上的各位制造了如此多的鼻祖,究竟那个是祖??要是说华佗,最多只能说他的外科手术高明,连外科祖师都谈不上(外科鼻祖应归扁鹊),中医的鼻祖更轮不到华佗和扁鹊,而是我们中华民族的祖先——神农氏。一些人连自己祖先做什么的都不知道却充当历史学家在胡扯一通。...............
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">哈</span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">, </span> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">哈</span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">, </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">偶不是历史学家</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">, <span lang="ZH-CN">偶平民百姓一个也不许你胡扯</span>, </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">各行业</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">祖师爷</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">是</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">约定</span><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">俗成</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">的东西</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">劳动人民的东西需要科学分类吗</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">? </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">你还来排排坐吃果果</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">????</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">各行业</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">祖师爷</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">名录</span></span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">旧俗极具讲究尊师重道。民家供奉祖宗牌位,正户题名为</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">天地君亲师</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">或称</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">天地国亲师</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,其中</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">师道</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">列为五尊之一。全省各地各行业千古流传,均有供奉</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">祖师爷</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">的习俗,较常见有: </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">农业。奉祀土神和谷神。周代的始祖名弃,又名后稷,在尧、舜时期被封做农官,教民耕种稷麦,故后世农业尊其为祖师,并与社神合一,称为土地神,村野之间,每隔三五里的田头路边就建有一座小矮屋</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">——<span lang="ZH-CN">土地庙,皖西南一带称之为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">社祀庙</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,各有土地公婆的神像供奉。至</span>20<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪</span>60<span lang="ZH-CN">年代中期后,各土地庙均被拆除;</span>90<span lang="ZH-CN">年代又有所恢复。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">裁缝业。尊奉轩辕氏</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">黄帝</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">。《史记》称黄帝:</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">姬姓,号轩辕氏、有熊氏</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。后世尊其为中华文明的</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">人文初祖</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。因传言黄帝曾教民众用骨针穿麻线缝树叶和兽皮做衣。故被缝纫业尊为祖师。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">蚕丝业。尊奉嫘祖</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">又作累祖</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">。传说她是黄帝的妻子,曾教民养蚕治丝,北周以后被视为蚕神。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">酿酒业。凡酒坊、酒馆、酒家均尊奉杜康为祖师。杜康即少康,为夏代的第五任君主。《说文解字》称其为</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">古者少康初作箕帚、秫酒</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。又传言禹帝曾命</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">仪狄造酒</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,有的地方亦尊仪狄为酒业的祖师。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">竹木泥瓦匠。同尊鲁班为祖师。历史上确有其人,氏公输,名般</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">取同音字为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">班</span>”)<span lang="ZH-CN">,春秋时鲁国人,故称鲁班,生平创造过云梯、石磨、木作工具及木制飞乌等,为当时杰出的发明家。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">铁业。铁匠、铜匠、银匠与冶铸业均尊太上老君为祖师。《老子内传》称:</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">太上老君,姓李名耳,字伯阳,一名重耳;生而白首,故号老子;耳有三漏,又号老聃。</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">传说老子曾铸造八卦炉</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">后人称为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">老君炉</span>”)<span lang="ZH-CN">炼制丹药以求长生。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">教育。尊孔子为至圣先师、万世师表。旧时书生、学子、学童在家中正堂,私塾、县学、府学、大学均在正厅供奉孔子牌位。孔子名丘,字仲尼,春秋时鲁国陬邑</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今山东省曲阜市</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,晚年致力于教育并著述立说,史称他曾授教</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">弟子三干,贤人七十</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">商业。供奉财神牌位。道教奉</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">赵公元帅</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">为财神,其像黑面浓须,骑坐黑虎;相传其人姓赵,号公明,秦时得道于终南山,封号为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">正一玄坛元帅</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。商界又尊范蠡为祖师。范蠡,字少伯,楚国宛人</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今河南南阳</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">,曾协助越王勾践灭吴,功成后弃宫经商,游齐国称鸱夷子皮,在陶</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今山东定陶</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">称陶朱公,经商曾</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">三致千金</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">均散济贫民,其商德极受后人崇敬。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">豆腐业。江淮大地奉淮南王刘安为祖师。其人为刘帮之孙,袭封淮南王,治寿春</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今寿县</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">,因</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">招致宾客方术之士数千人</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">,集编成《淮南子》一书,并在熬制丹药时,无意间用黄豆、盐卤做成了豆腐脑</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">即水豆腐</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">中医业。战国时医学家扁鹊创立望、闻、问、切</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">四诊</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">医术,后世即尊奉他为中医的祖师。扁鹊姓秦,名越人,河北任丘人。汉代医学家张仲景著《伤寒杂病论》,倡导辨证论治原则,被后世尊为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">医圣</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。民间医业尊华佗为祖师,华佗名甫,字天化,沛国谯</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今毫州市</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,曾创制麻沸散</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">麻醉药</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">用于外科手术,故被尊称为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">外科鼻祖</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。唐代医学家孙思邈著《千金方》,被后世誉为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">药王</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。中草药制作及民间药铺药店则尊奉明代医药学家李时珍为祖师。李时珍字东璧,号濒湖,蕲州人</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今湖北薪春人</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">,著《本草纲目》传世。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">制笔与造纸业。传说秦朝名家蒙恬曾改良过毛笔,故被尊奉为制笔业的祖师。世传东汉蔡伦为造纸术的发明人,故民间纸槽作坊、纸业店铺均供奉</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">龙亭侯</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">朴像脾位,尊为祖师。蔡伦,东汉桂阳</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今湖南郴州</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,官任尚方令,封龙亭侯。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">印染业。染坊店奉东晋葛洪为祖师。葛洪字雅川,自号抱朴子,丹阳句容</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今属江苏</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,著《抱朴子》一书,曾在炼丹中提炼出各色染料,被后世应用来印染布帛、纸张。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">戏曲业。尊唐玄宗李隆基为祖师。因唐玄宗曾召集歌舞艺人与宫女在梨园学艺,并时常亲自执槌击鼓演奏配乐。因而,后世均称戏曲艺人为</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">“<span lang="ZH-CN">梨园兄弟</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">火腿业。尊宋朝宗泽为祖师。宗泽字汝霖,婺州义乌</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今属浙江</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,为宋朝名将。相传他发明了火腿的制作方法,流传甚广。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">织布业。尊黄道婆为祖师。黄道婆为松江乌泥泾</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今属上海市</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,少年时流落至崖州</span>(<span lang="ZH-CN">今海南崖县</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">,从黎族人学习了纺织技术。后回乡改革、推广轧花、纺车和织机技术,影响深远。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">评书业。尊明末杰出的说书艺人柳敬亭为祖师。评书古称评话,又称鼓书、板话。柳敬亭,本姓曹,通州</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">(<span lang="ZH-CN">今江苏南通</span>)<span lang="ZH-CN">人,被后人誉称为</span>“<span lang="ZH-CN">柳评书</span>”<span lang="ZH-CN">。 </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">另外,流传数千年之久儒、佛、道三教,又分别尊奉孔子、释迦牟尼和老子为祖师,在民间影响也极其深远。 </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%"><span class="postbody"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">上述各俗在</span></span><span class="postbody"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">20<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪</span>60<span lang="ZH-CN">年代,已被破除焚香供奉神像活动,民间仅剩口传述史的纪念方式;</span>80<span lang="ZH-CN">年代后,间或也有供奉财神及庙宇道观普遍存在重塑佛道神像的现象。</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 140%; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun"></span>此帖由 Nikki and Felix 在 2006-09-18 22:58 进行编辑...
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9#
发表于 2006-9-18 16:59:17 | 只看该作者
hq1966+2006-09-16 20:13+pid977335-->引用: hq1966 @ 2006-09-16 20:13 [url=redirect.php?goto=findpost&p=977335">查看原帖[/url]  <font color="#4169e1">  您还想要谁的,要得多可以批发,样式可以定制。  您看看这几个模板合不合意?“一棍子打死”(可半价打个半死)、“乱棍杖毙”、“讥讽嘲笑”、“混水摸鱼”、“抹黑扑灰”……?
<img src="images/smiles/confused.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />你怎么知道这些内幕的-----这可是江湖常用的文人出位带出行之葵花宝典<img src="images/smiles/quite.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />可别乱说,说多了就没有人信了
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8#
发表于 2006-9-18 15:01:52 | 只看该作者
哈哈。楼上的各位制造了如此多的鼻祖,究竟那个是祖??要是说华佗,最多只能说他的外科手术高明,连外科祖师都谈不上(外科鼻祖应归扁鹊),中医的鼻祖更轮不到华佗和扁鹊,而是我们中华民族的祖先——神农氏。一些人连自己祖先做什么的都不知道却充当历史学家在胡扯一通。要说医德,今日的西医手术台上争抢病人结石而置病人不顾(让病人长久地在台上淌血),送红包才给收拾干净一点否则故意留个祸根在病人腹部,结石肾掏出石头后再移植到肾衰者身上,脖子生肿瘤却放疗肠子致病人髂骨髓被掏空,这些事情不见得西医的品德比华佗好到那里去。至于张仲景写的伤寒,序言里写的内容无非是说:他在内经的启发下对伤寒这个病进行了详细的六经演绎。仲景有没有用到“五行学说”,虽然他不明说,可是看其药方的组成,却无形中运用了,你看它治黄疸病、水肿病的一些药方,在现代看来这些属于肝病,可是仲景的药方却是治脾的,不正应了木克土、土克水了吗?健脾(土)就可以防止肝(木)旺克脾(土),健脾土就可以克制(肾)水泛滥。我还根据仲景的附子泻心汤组成原理,推敲到那是泻心火而不让心火克肺金的呢。于是悟出这方可以治心火克肺金的慢性鼻炎,果然三剂就缓解了症状(病人的数年不解之鼻塞就轻易解决了)。难得有些人学中医只会贬损而不会使用,圣道失传就是因为如今这些庸人太多。此帖由 杏林春晓 在 2006-09-18 15:08 进行编辑...
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7#
发表于 2006-9-17 10:32:43 | 只看该作者
张仲景写了《伤寒杂病论》、《金匮要略》,用三阴三阳这“六经”来区别病类,称为“六经辨证”。乍一听,似乎觉得张仲景在理论上有很多创造,一看他的书才知道,他主要是谈如何辨病,如何下药,讲得都非常具体。他还创造了许多药方,有些至今还在用。由于他主要致力于治疗实践,所以被称为中医临床医学的鼻祖。  张仲景的学说颇有特色,因此有些研究者认为张的学说与《内经》无关,说他不讲五行生克。有人为张仲景辩护,说“六经辨证”的基础就是《黄帝内经》的《素问·热论》篇,而且张也并非不讲五行生克。说张仲景医学完全和《内经》无关,恐怕并非事实。但这种说法表明,张仲景确实不怎么受《内经》的限制,而主要是他本人医疗实践的产物。
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 楼主| 发表于 2006-9-16 22:02:06 | 只看该作者
dawnch+2006-09-16 14:15+pid977132-->引用: dawnch @ 2006-09-16 14:15 [url=redirect.php?goto=findpost&p=977132">查看原帖[/url]  噢,还有没有关于张仲景的事儿?
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LETTER-SPACING: 1.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span>“</span> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; LETTER-SPACING: 1.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">万世医宗</span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LETTER-SPACING: 1.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">”</span> <span class="mainarticletitlestyle3style4"> <span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">张仲景</span> </span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">张仲景,名机,东汉南阳郡涅阳人(今河南省邓县穰东镇),约生于</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">公元</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">150</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">年,卒于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">219</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">年。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">  东汉末年,屡起大疫。张仲景博览群书,广采众方,系统地总结了汉代</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">以前的医学精华,根据自己丰富的医疗实践经验,著《伤寒杂病论》合十六卷,后世医学者称张仲景为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">医圣</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">,奉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">伤寒</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">金匮</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">为医经(唐宋以后将《伤寒杂病论》分为《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》两部书)。从魏晋及今,一千六百多年来,一直是学习中医必读的经典著作。中医</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">四大经典</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">,张仲景一人就完成了两部。他所确立的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">辨证论治</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">原则,是祖国医学伟大宝库中的灿烂明珠,从而使中华民族的医学独具特色而自立于世界民族之林。自隋唐以后,张仲景的著作远播海外,在世界医学界享有盛誉。从晋朝到现在,中外学者整理、注释、研究、发挥《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》而成书的已超过一千七百余家,这在世界史上亦属罕见。张仲景是中华民族悠久文明史上最杰出的科学家之一,他的学说哺育了世代名医,至今依然是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">道经千载更光辉</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">  据史料记载,张仲景天赋聪颖,勤奋好学,少年时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">学医于同郡张伯祖,尽得其传</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">。他善于思索,逐步掌握了朴素的辨证方法。汉灵帝时,仲景被举为孝廉。继之出任长沙郡太守。他虽然身居要职,但淡于利禄,鄙视荣势,憎恶官场角逐。当时,正值灵帝后期的大疫流行,目睹村村举衰,户户号泣的惨痛局面,张仲景深切关注民众的安危,他冲破了封建等级制森的清规戒律,择定每月初一、十五两日在大堂上为民诊治疑难疾病,从而传为千</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">古美谈,后来的药房多冠以</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;××</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">堂</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "><font face="Times New Roman">&quot;</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">,就是为了纪念张仲景大堂诊病的业绩</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: ">! <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span class="zz1"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun">  他是处在动乱的东汉末年,连年混战,“民弃农业”,都市田庄多成荒野,人民颠沛流离,饥寒困顿。各地连续爆发瘟疫,尤其是洛阳、南阳,会稽(绍兴)疫情严重。“家家有僵尸之痛,室室有号泣之哀;”张仲景的家族也不例外。对这种悲痛的惨景,张仲景目击心伤。“感往昔之论丧,伤横夭之莫救”(《伤寒论》自序)。于是,他发愤研究医学,立志做个能解脱人民疾苦的医生。“上以疗君亲之疾,下以救贫贱之厄,中以保身长全,以养其生”(《伤寒论》自序)。当时,在他的宗族中有个人叫张伯祖,是个极有声望的医生。张
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