非学一例：学校里教不出“窈窕淑女”？

梦幻妖精 · 发表于 2006-6-26 11:31:29

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">二、重新理解家庭和社会。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　家庭变化的第一点前面已经谈到了，就是家庭在后工业时代将重新成为工作场所。因为这样一种深刻的变化，我们每个人的选择也当然的要跟着它而变化。就是说我们的选择将不是简单的两极分化，是出去还是回来？是出去作一个工人还是在家庭作家庭妇女或者家庭男子？我们将做出的是另外一种选择，是一种比例上的选择，你的工作将有多少是离开家庭去做的，有多少是在家里作的。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　我要谈的第二点是，重新理解工作和家务的关系。我要强调后者是非常重要的。后者在重要性上应该不逊色于前者，后者中毫无疑问的有一个极重头的工作就是养育孩子。我觉得养育孩子这件事情比起工业时代里在外面做的若干重要性工作更重要。比如我是专门从事幼教的，你是做电脑的，我的工作比你的工作差吗？我觉得幼教的工作要比电脑的工作更重要，幼教的工作在深度和难度上比做电脑的工作，一点不小，有无穷的深度可挖掘。我认为我们中国现今教育的失败，家长要负一半的责任。家长当然是两位，但是在两个家长当中，特别是在幼年教养的问题上，大概母亲比父亲负的责任还要重一点，我这样说没有任何要给男性推卸责任的意图，因为生理的原因，在幼年的时候，母亲和孩子的关系要更亲近一些。天然的属性决定了这种关系。如果教育不成功的话，家长毫无疑问要负上一半的责任，另一半的责任是社会。母亲要负四分之一强。我说教育失败，家长要负责任，就是说很多母亲应该说是不称职的，所以孩子在教育上出现这么大的问题。不称职当然要找不足，有太多的努力可做了。真的是要有素质的全面提高，最终才能落到幼教上。一个孩子的教育，一言以蔽之，首先应该是兴趣的开发，应该是因材施教。绝不是要强迫他在单一的方向上拿多少分，绝对不是。他就是拿到那个分数，你也得等着他把学过的东西忘干净。重要的肯定是他兴趣的开发。而兴趣的开发，一个孩子和一个孩子是完全不一样的。兴趣的不同，谈不到谁比谁高多少，谈不到智商问题。我想，到了同学们这个年龄应该日益感到，如果活到我这个年龄，对这个道理应该能够非常透彻地看到。所谓智商对所谓成功的影响其实是不大的。我很不愿意使用成功这个字眼，我们还是讲开发人的一些潜能吧。开发的好坏，跟智商的关系不大。最重要的事情是认识到自己的兴趣所在，兴趣能成为极大的推动力，能把你的全部精力都凝聚起来，这样的话，在你所热爱的这个方向必然能有所成就。相反，你像一个奴隶一样，你的智力比较高，你就是一个智力比较高的奴隶。被人逼迫去做一件事情，你不热爱，你智力再高，无济于事，做不好。年龄比较大，阅历比较深的人都会看到，跟兴趣关系比较大，跟意志力的关系比较大，关系较小的大概就是智力。但是可怜天下父母心，他们为孩子操这么大心，他们整天逼迫孩子，关系搞得这么僵，最后事与愿违。这个事情我不想展开，我这里只是要说工作和家务的关系。家务绝对不比工作次要，家务的难度绝对不比工作小，当然，家务不只是养孩子。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　第三点就是重申家务不比工作简单。家务的种种内容并不比造电脑、造电视、造汽车简单。我先做一个类比，我想问大家一下，你们觉得做一个农民简单还是做一个工人简单？我的看法是，做一个农民要比做一个工人难多了。要知道什么时候播种、什么时候除草、收获，然后怎么储藏。一个环节错了都不成。我自己作为知青在黑龙江做过八年农民。后来到美国留学一年半，得了一个硕士学位，回来之前想了解了解美国社会，跟一个美国朋友提出一个愿望，介绍我去一个农民家里住几天。看到美国农民的工作，然后再和美国农民以及非农民做交流，没有一个人不承认这一点的：作为一个农民所要拥有的知识要比作一个工人多太多了。我见到的这几个美国农民，在一个小农场，他们最终的产品是牛奶。他们首先要种玉米，骑着摩托车到地头，然后换上拖拉机去种玉米，开着康拜因去收割，弄回来，再把玉米秆儿截了作饲料，要喂牛，喂牛以后要挤奶，还要配种，接生，养小牛，牛奶还要防腐，还要为牛注射预苗。一共是叔侄三人，要做全套的事情，每个人都是多面手，不得了。作为一个工人，你生产什么？你就是生产航天材料也没什么难的。其实这个对比很类似家务和工作，千万不要小瞧家务。当然家庭中难度最大的还是教育孩子。除了教育孩子以外别的事情也是很有深度的。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　一个农民的技能显然要比一个工人复杂太多了。那么为什么通常我们都认为做工人要比做农民高级，做工人要比作农民更有知识呢？意识形态的偏见。工业创造了更多的财富，工人还不厉害吗？因为工业是在农业之后产生的，而工业更大地创造了财富，更大地改造了世界，改变了世界，所以我们就当然地认为，工人的工作复杂，农民的工作简单。实际上这是经不住推敲，经不住分析，经不住对比的。为了生产的效率，老板对工人的要求非常的单一、简化，而农业、家务这样的东西非常综合，每个人都是多面手。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　第四点讲的是社会交往与公共空间。下一个时代，后工业社会如果彻底降临到中国，有相当多的人将自己相当多的工作时间放在家庭的时候，我们就会格外地有一种社会交往的需求，有一种对公共空间的需求。这是不同于家庭，也不同于单位、工厂的，新的空间形式上的需求，就是公共空间的需求。这种需求可以以多种方式展开和实现。比如我们现在有很多京剧票友，比如说我知道现在有很多人，无论是退休的还是在职的，都喜欢唱歌，搞了业余合唱团。我们现在生活好了，很多人想锻炼身体，组成了好多打球的俱乐部，周末去找地方打球。目前他们还属于少数派，但是这是未来的一个方向。这是人们未来在工作单位、家庭之外的一种社会生活的选择，一种社会交往的选择。这个东西将为更多的人们，不仅女性而且男性回到家庭后，提供一种补充，一种平衡。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">

梦幻妖精 · 发表于 2006-6-26 11:31:53

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三、重新理解工作和生活<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1930<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候，我们这个时代最有独创性，可以称为先知的人物——凯恩斯，说过这样的一段话，值得我们再三的反思。凯恩斯说：经济问题，也就是为生存而斗争的问题，迄今为止最重要的问题，不仅是人类，而且是生物界，这个头号重要的问题，将在百年内解决；传统的目标将不存在，我们现在唯一担心的是如何调整习惯，因为几十年内我们就将放弃过去的生产方式和生存方式，以后大概每个人每周工作十五个小时就可以满足他们的生活需求了。这一段话足以使凯恩斯位居于最稀少的先知的行列当中。而且这句话不要到了百年的时候，远远在这之前将实现。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　我给大家看一个数字：<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1997<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年（我手头不掌握更新的数字）全世界创造的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">GNP<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">29<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万亿美元，同年全世界的人口是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">58<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿人，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">29<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万亿美元除以<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">58<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿人等于人均的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">GNP<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5310<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美元。全世界人均<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5310<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美元，多大的一个数字啊！换成人民币，不乘<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，为什么不乘<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">？美元和人民币的比值实际上到不了<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。实际上人民币要更值钱一些，这是一个专门的学问，究竟是多少我没有能力计算，但显然人民币要更值钱一点。我们把它放低一点，因为算得多了就是过于为我自己的观点服务了，我把它算成<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，我想这是非常保守的，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5310<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">美元乘以<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">应该是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">26500<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元人民币，也就是说全世界的财富除以每个人，要按人民币来估算的话，合每个月<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2200<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">人民币。人均每月<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2200<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">人民币，生活挺不错的了。再看一看国别：美国人均<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2.8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万美元，日本<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3.7<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万美元，瑞士<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">4.4<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万美元，很多脑筋快的同学就会说：你主张不患寡患不均，主张均贫富。我没这个打算，这是国际政治问题，这我能解决得了吗？人家能跟咱平分吗？我所要说的是：人家今天就这么富了，现在的生产以科技为基础加速度进行，人家的今天就是二十年后的我们，没什么问题啊。人家的生产问题已经彻底解决了，人均几万美元还不解决吗？我们再过十年二十年也相当不错了。现在发生在北部世界的事情是什么？就是不需要干了还在干。都生产这么多的财富了，为什么还要大干？这是个非常复杂的问题，在这里讨论不了。我现在在大学里讲课主要就是讲这个问题。在西方为什么够了还要干呢？为了<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">fashion<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，为了时髦的生活，为了虚荣心，跟别人攀比。从温饱上来说早就解决了，北部世界没有人解决不了温饱的。你说有乞丐，那乞丐是脑筋有问题，或是厌倦了常规的生活，那完全是另一个性质的事情。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　终于有人，世纪之交的当代学者，响应凯恩斯的先知的声音。一个叫里夫金的学者<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1995<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年写了一本书《工作的终结》。我讲一讲他叙述的美国历史，十九世纪七十年代之前，美国的农业劳动力占全部劳动力的四分之三，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1870<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候降到了二分之一，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1900<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年时是三分之一，到了<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1940<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候是五分之一。到了今天是多少？农业劳动力占全部劳动力的百分之三。再看工人，五十年一个周期地看。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1810<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候，美国有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">7.5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万工人，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1860<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">50<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万工人，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1910<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">800<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万工人，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1960<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候美国有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1600<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万工人，这是美国工人数字的高峰，占当时全部就业者的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">35%<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。再以后的历史，也就是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1960<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年以后，美国工人的数字开始递减，而生产在不断的增长。到了今天，生产的规模和产值大概是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1960<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的二倍以上，可是工人的数字只有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1960<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的一半。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1970<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年的时候<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">300<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万人从事服务业，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1990<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年是时候是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">9000<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万。服务业使美国免遭大规模的失业。但是谁敢说明天的服务业不是昨天的农业和工业，不遭遇这种命运？<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　我们再看机械和自动化的作用。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1944<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，美国发明了摘棉花的机器。大家知道美国南部很多黑人种棉花，当然种棉花的黑奴是更早的历史，南北战争之后仍然有很多黑人不是奴隶了还在摘棉花。摘棉机的使用使美国<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">500<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万黑人不再摘棉花了，有机器摘了，大农场不再需要黑人摘棉花了。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">500<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万黑人向北方移民。学者说这是比解放黑人宣言更有效的手段，这是美国历史上最大、最快的移民。这样一个大的变迁全都是因为一个小小的机器的出笼。我们再说，过去卷烟是靠人操作，每人每天能卷<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3000<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">支烟，一台卷烟机每天能卷<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">12<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万支烟，能顶上<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">40<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个人。随着新的印刷技术的发明，美国大批报社的排字工人将面临着失业的危险。但是工会和老板一直在激烈的争夺，老板不得不向工人让步。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1966<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年时美国三家最大的报社将他们是否要使用新的印刷技术的选择权交给了工会。你们说要使用新的机器，咱们就用，你们说不使用，还是人干，咱们就用人。工会还是很厉害的，老板不敢霸道地说用机器，真的这么干的话，会有大批人下岗回家。再说一项技术，也是今天看起来稀松平常的技术——自动接话机。电话自动接话机使全美<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6000<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个接话员下岗。再说银行取款机，一个取款员每天可以处理<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">200<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">件业务，一个取款机可以处理<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2000<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">件，一个取款机一周工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">168<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时，昼夜不吃不喝在那里干，它的成本只是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2.2<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万美元，它没有福利待遇，没有养老金。你说为什么老板还要用一个血肉之躯的营业员呢？所以老板当然是愿意用机器不愿意用人。黑人首先从农场下岗，而后从工厂下岗，唯一能增加黑人就业的岗位在哪里？在政府部门。此前的历史从农奴时代开始，一直是黑人被剥削，随着机器的自动化，黑人从被剥削到没用处，自动化最终毁掉了工人们最重要的一个武器，什么武器？罢工。自动化使工人再也拿不出这个有利的武器来对付老板。不错，还有一些学者提出和《工作的终结》相对立的观点，说新科技除了能代替很多工人以外，新科技也早就了一些新的产业、新的就业。比如说电话的生产。不错，新的科技也造就了一些新的产业，增加了一些人的就业，但是它远远赶不上它所造成的下岗。这样的例子我想大家动脑筋就会发现比比皆是。你想想，电脑汉字系统的文字处理，将减少多少排字工？<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　下面我们再看看全世界的失业情况。上个世纪五十年代全世界失业的人数<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">4.5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿，六十年代是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">4.8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿，七十年代<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6.2<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿，八十年代<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">7.3<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1993<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，全世界有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">13%<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的人失业或者不充分就业。现在全世界有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿人失业或者半失业。这个数字是三十年代大萧条之后的最高峰。工业文明增加了物质财富，信息革命造成了一种新的变化，增加了空闲时间，北部世界财富的增长已不在话下，更大的变化是增加人们的空闲时间。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　在这一部分，我要讲的最后一个观点是：认清真正的问题。真正的问题是什么？我们能解决失业问题吗？能让更多失业的人找到工作吗？将有越来越多的人失业，这不仅是中国，也是人类世界的大势所趋。如果还没有意识到这个问题，就是没有摸到时代的脉搏。但是很不幸，不仅在中国，在很多西方发达国家在竞选的时候还在许诺，增加就业。这与人类发展的大趋势绝对背道而驰。培训是增加不了就业的。为什么不能增加就业？培训只能使一部份人代替另一部分人。比如说你下岗了，参加培训后技能提高了，你去竞争上岗，就把另外一个人挤下去了。假设你们从事的是传统产业的话，那么你们技能提高了，一定要挤下去一部分人。这是零和博弈。有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">100<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个岗位，有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">50<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个待业人员，他们培训后，有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">50<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个人上岗，就有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">50<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个工人下岗。假设你从事新兴产业的话，可能增加一些就业。传统产业的话就一点也增加不了。但是我们想想，如果文化程度不高的人，简单培训一下能够加入新兴产业吗？不能。所以说培训要增加就业是不可能的。这是一个层次较低的道理。但连这个道理也没有被社会上所有的人，乃至政治家全部消化。上面的道理就更不用提了。上面的道理，即闲暇的增长是历史趋势，实际上是在反驳主流的意识形态。主流的意思形态总是说消费带动生产，消费带动就业。实际上是非常荒诞的，不符合人类未来发展的趋势。可以从两点上反驳：第一个，如果我们承认以后的生产力越来越依靠机器，越来越依靠自动化，那么消费凭什么能增加就业呢？消费增加了可以增加机器啊。这是第一点反驳。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　第二点反驳：为什么要用消费来带动就业呢？昨天你的消费挺合适的，有人告诉你说再多消费点，有些朋友和兄弟还没有就业呢，所以再多吃点，再多穿点。这不是有病吗？对于你来说，消费够了就不要再消费了。够了为什么还要消费？就业也不是目的啊。一部分人通过更多的消费让另一部分上岗，这不荒诞吗？一部分人吃饱了还要再多吃点，就是吃撑着，以求让另一部分人上岗。再说多吃点，钱从哪里来呀？多吃点不花自己的钱吗？你又不是腐败分子。多吃点要花自己的钱，意味着要多生产一点，能挣出更多的钱来。我多吃就要所挣，所以我还要额外的多工作，然后再把自己吃撑。我们今天的社会里多数人的工作是为了挣钱，工作本身乐趣不大。我们要是能达到马克思所说的工作变成自愿，那当然好。但现在只有一部分人能做到。我很幸运，我能做到。我读书读得眼睛受不了，所以现在很苦恼，要不然我读书就是极大的乐趣。我工作没有什么钟点，因为这就是我的乐趣。如果工作的人都变成像我这样，就进入共产主义了。可是目前感到工作本身有极大乐趣的，只是一小部分人。我们短时期内不可能造成多数人对工作抱有很大的乐趣，那么让大家多消费的话，就等于说让大家多劳动。多数人劳动不太有乐趣。那么告诉你多消费的话，就意味着让你多劳动，就意味着你要有更多的不幸。因为你也不怎么愿意热爱这劳动嘛。比如，满足自己恰当的消费干<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">小时就够了，但是为了多劳动多消费乃至帮助别人就业，干了<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">小时，每天多了两个小时实际上是多了两个小时的不幸。所以说我们的奋斗目标是什么？在温饱已经解决的前提下，在十年、二十年以后我们人均的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">GNP<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">已经达到了发达国家的程度的时候，我们的奋斗目标应该是增加每个人的自主时间，即减少工作时间。有相当多的人下岗，这是大势所趋。我们说凯恩斯在<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1930<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年就说<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">100<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年之内，每个人每周工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">15<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时就可以满足全部生活需求，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">15<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时要是按照<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个工作日算的话就是一天工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时。要按<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">小时工作制算的话就是两天都不到。今天世界很多地区就可以这样做，明天的全世界大部分地区都可以这样。这个变化太大了。要应对这个变化有两个办法：一个办法就是每个人减少工时，大幅度地减少工时，其实这个趋势我们已经看到了。我们的父兄原来每周工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天，后来变成<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天了。还会往前走，某一天就宣布变成<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">4<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天了。其实在发达国家工人们愿意牺牲工资增加休闲，这多好啊！但是他们没有选择自由。为什么没有选择的自由啊？老板不愿意增加一些工人，而每个人减少一些工时。老板觉得这样不好管理。比如说老板有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">100<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个工人，每天工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">小时，他不愿意有<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">120<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个工人每天工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">小时。这样人太多管理费力。愿意人少一点，他们多干一点，这样好管理。老板不愿意减少工时，老板不给这种自由。这是发达国家。但是减少工时一定是未来选择的一个方式。减少工时意味着不要有太多的人失业，大家共同承担“失业”。原来<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">8<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时，现在<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">7<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时、<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">6<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时、<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个小时，原来工作<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">5<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天，现在<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">4<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天，轮着干。劳动是权利，分享劳动机会，自己可以不干，别人不能剥夺。这是一种方式。第二种方式是社会上相当多数的人不工作，发给生活费，发的生活费足够解决温饱，绝对高于低保，但是你不能比干活的人挣的更多，人家毕竟在那干活。这个社会上以后就会有六分之一，五分之一，四分之一，三分之一甚至有二分之一不干活。这样就划分出两类人，一类是干活的人，一类是不干活的人，不干活的人数量相当大。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　在这个演讲一开始的时候我就说，这个演讲有点超前，听到这里大家可能会觉得哪里是超前，简直是荒诞。但是我想和你说，我是在很认真、很理性地和你探讨这个问题。我没有多少年可活了，“你们有漫长的未来”——我一开始就做了铺垫。愿意不愿意相信我的话在很大程度上取决于你的想象力。我在北大上的课是“生物学对社会科学的启示”，这课上的非常高兴，上完这课以后充分理解了美国大牌教授的乐趣。他们坚持每年给本科生上课，绝对不是只给研究生上课。那些小孩子们是天才少年，比他们的哥哥们厉害。人的岁数大了四五岁就变得世故了，一世故以后就约束了人的想象力和创造力，<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">18<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">岁的孩子的想象力不得了！讲完课有的同学不走，热烈地继续憧憬着未来，一个同学对我说：美国的一个学者说（不是愚人节）二十年后会有超人出现，你信吗？我说：我觉得差不多，我真觉得二十年会有大变化，因为基因工程和电脑的配合是不得了的一件事情。我相信这个世纪是生物学的世纪。这个世界将被生物学极大的改造，和物理学改造这个世界完全不一样了。那时候生产力还算一回事？人类普遍的智商是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">100<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，这是基数，那时人类的智商都是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">150<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">或<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">200<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，生产力根本就不是一个事。轻而易举解决温饱问题在今后绝对不是难事。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1930<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年代凯恩斯就跟我们说这个话了，如果今天你还觉得我在这里跟你们讲一个荒诞的故事，我只能说你不配作为一个二十一世纪的青年，你看不到趋势，你没有想象力。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　我们一直以为失业是一种灾难。但是历史学家告诉我们失业不尽是一种灾难，不尽然。就举失业最严重的美国大萧条时期为例。大萧条给美国带来了巨大的文化进步。那时人们没钱，生活相对紧迫，有时间，有大块的时间没事干。于是美国的公共图书馆兴旺了，人们没事干，读书。大萧条造就了美国人的读书习惯。大萧条还造就了美国人热爱运动，还是因为没事干。当然美国大萧条的时候不是中国的困难时期，不是<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1961<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，不是没吃上饭，要吃得特别好做不到，但是吃饱了。这时候就运动，它造就了美国人热爱运动的性格，给美国打下深深的烙印，形成新的习惯，热爱读书，热爱运动，热爱园艺，在家里弄点花草什么的，有的是时间，不干这个干什么呀？当美国人民因为经济上不景气而有大量时间的时候，实际上不知不觉地开创了另一个美国，造就了另一种生活习惯。这种生活习惯是文明的、高尚的、优雅的，不是功利的，天天捞票子数票子，不干别的。实际上一个不得已而为之的行为带来了一种新的生活方式。所以我在演讲的第一部分说，女人因为不得以而为之在一段时间内，在一段精力非常充沛的时候不得已回家了；不要以为这完全是一种灾难，你有勇气愿意尝试新的生活方式，你可能率先迎接新时代的挑战，率先在家里开始新的生存方式的选择。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　我再举一个例子。德国人的物质消费只有美国人的一半，但是德国人享受的休假，享受的运动，享受地艺术生活，比美国人多一倍。你说谁活的好？我认为日本人活得最惨，日本的人均收入比美国高，但是日本工人苦不堪言。日本的白领，包括<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">IT<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">都苦不堪言。日本人没算明白这个账，工作和生活的账。日本人在最深层、最大的一个问题上糊涂。要那么多财富干嘛？要的是生活，是休假、运动、艺术。我的朋友在德国呆了多年，他很少见到开着崭新的奔驰的人，通常普通人都是开着很普通很破的汽车，人们不以这个为荣，人们以什么为荣？一到周末开个家庭音乐会，十几个人自娱，拉大提琴小提琴，唱歌。德国有无数个俱乐部，干什么？打球。我这个朋友比我还大几岁呢，今天<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">56<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">岁了，加入了一个德国的乒乓球俱乐部，瓦尔德内尔等人是最高层次的，还有下面一层，他在第三层，已经相当棒了。他说在德国俱乐部每个周末打一场比赛，两个俱乐部开着车就来了，就干。音乐会，打球，合唱团，就是这样的生活方式，其实需要的物质是有限的。我去年在上海开了一个中法学术讨论会，主办一方是一个法国人，这个法国人是一个国际组织的负责人，见多识广。吃饭的时候我问了他一个问题<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，先是恭维他一下，说您是见多识广，除了法国以外，您觉得哪个国家最好？他想了一会，说出一个我们大家绝对想不到的国家：意大利，说完意大利以后他停顿一下，发出一声慨叹：那里的人们的生活质量真高啊！意大利的<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">GNP<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在世界上算不了什么，因此他说的“生活质量”含有丰富的内涵，含有他对生活的理解，含有一种比较早的进入现代化的门槛的民族，人文积淀深厚且见多识广的民族里的人们，对生活的认识。<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">

八根儿 · 发表于 2006-6-27 13:46:02

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" twffan="done">郑也夫的看完了，有收益，<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" twffan="done">谢谢妖精<img src="http://www.etjy.com/images/smiles/belial.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />

bk3547218 · 发表于 2006-8-11 16:36:43

问题是,现在大多数的老公工资太低了.我也想当全职的,可我没那个条件

dyly · 发表于 2006-8-12 13:23:19

咱们有句老话怎么说的来着？富足而知礼节知廉耻。大意吧！咱们一直太穷了，所以经过不承认穷只追求精神生活（比如共产主义）那种，到现在向往物质富有，必然过一段时间人有了太多的钱后，才能到最后感觉还是要追求精神生活的。全民都达到这样的阶段还早，所以也许50年后，咱们也会是德国那样的生活方式。

大有希望的！不过日本人早已满足了物质了，为啥还没到这个阶段呢？也许还是富的时间不够长...

老鱼儿 · 发表于 2006-8-13 10:43:11

孩子感到开心，快乐，有兴趣，这是第一位的。其它再论。

恬宝宝 · 发表于 2006-8-13 11:58:58

我认为回归家庭，做全职太太，还是继续在职场拚搏，这个似乎不是应该由父母来选择，这个应该留给孩子自己选择，但选择做全职太太和只能做全职太太区别就很大了

pearlzhang · 发表于 2006-8-13 12:34:52

我什么看不见前一页的内容？

pearlzhang · 发表于 2006-8-13 12:42:44

天堑变通途+2006-06-22 15:57+pid886867-->引用: 天堑变通途 @ 2006-06-22 15:57 [url=redirect.php?goto=findpost&p=886867">查看原帖[/url] 看来，明天俺应该通知俺儿子到公司来上班而不是上学学校可教不出养活这样“优秀全职太太”的先生

不会吧，俺还想让俺儿子娶个能干的，有钱的，养家的老婆呢。<img src="http://www.etjy.com/images/smiles/eek.gif" border="0" onclick="javascript:window.open(this.src);" alt= style="CURSOR: pointer" onload="javascript:if(this.width>screen.width-500)this.style.width=screen.width-500;" />

李敬涛 · 发表于 2010-2-19 12:55:01

非常同意：首孝悌，次谨信，泛爱众而亲仁，有余力则学文，

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