[资料]关于音节：Understanding Syllable Patterns & Types

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Understanding Syllables

         A syllable is a unit of pronunciation containing a single vowel sound.  For students in second grade and beyond, knowing how to decode unfamiliar multisyllabic words is essential because most of the new words they will encounter in print are “big” words.

        Research shows that when good readers encounter a long, unfamiliar word, they assign the word a pronunciation by chunking the letter patterns into manageable units.  These units can be phonograms, prefixes, suffixes, and syllables.

What Are Syllables?

Syllabication is the process of analyzing the patterns of vowels and consonants in a word to determine where the word breaks into syllables.  This enables readers and spellers to identify syllable types and their vowel sounds, recognize consonant diagraphs and blends, and thus arrive at an approximate pronunciation and spelling of the word.

Syllable Types & Patterns…

In English, syllables have a great deal of regularity both in type of syllable and pattern of syllable breaks.  These syllabication generalizations provide insight into the way many English words are structured.  Although there are exceptions, learning some important generalizations will greatly support students’ word attack skills.  

**Types of syllables are different from patterns of syllables.  Every syllable has a type, and the pattern of a syllable explains the break!

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Types of Syllables

Closed	A syllable in which a single vowel is followed by a consonant.  The vowel sound is usually short. (rab*bit, cam*el, ham*ster)
Open	A syllable ending with a single vowel.  The vowel is usually long. (me, ve*to)
r-controlled	A syllable in which the vowel(s) is followed by the single letter r.  The vowel sound is neither long nor short and when heard, sounds like it is controlled by the r. (chart, fern, pour, tar*get, whisp*er)
Vowel Team	A syllable containing two letters that together make one vowel sound.  The vowel sound can be long, short, or a diphthong.  (plain, show, heav*y, boy, cow, cloud*y, boil*ing)
Vowel-silent e	A syllable with the long vowel-consonant-silent e pattern.  (shape, cube, slide, be*have)
Consonant + le	An unaccented final syllable containing a consonant plus –le. (ap*ple, tur*tle, ta*ble, lit*tle)

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Syllable Patterns

We use animal words to help us remember each pattern.

Pattern	Division	Key Word	Definition
VCCV	VC/CV	Rab*bit	If a word has two consonants in the middle, divide between them.  When a consonant digraph stands between two vowels, divide the syllables before or after the digraph.
VCV	V/CV	Mu*sic	If a word has one consonant between two vowels, divide the word before or after the consonant.  The V/CV division is the most common.  If the pattern is V/CV the vowel will most always say its long sound.  If the pattern is VC/V the vowel will say its short sound.  Try it both ways and determine which pronunciation sounds best.
VCV	VC/V	Cam*el
VCCCV	VC/CCV	Ham*ster	Words with three or more consonants in the medial position always contain a blend, and almost always have a closed first syllable.

VV

V/V

Li*on

If a word has two or more vowels together that make two different sounds, divide between the two vowels.

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PREFIXES & SUFFIXES

          Just as phonograms are useful chunks, prefixes and suffixes also help students recognize and pronounce multisyllabic words.  To decode big words, students need to recognize common suffixed and prefixes, use as logical syllable breaks, and pronounce them as whole units.  Most of the time, a prefix or a suffix will make its own syllable.

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关于开音节、闭音节的特别说明：

在绝大多数情况下，开音节一般是长音，闭音节一般是短音，这话是没有错的。但是这样笼统的规则，会产生很多不能解释的例外，不如向孩子介绍更精确些的规则叙述。

用logic of English　网上的来看：
http://www.logicofenglish.com/resources/spelling-rules

Rule 4 A E O U usually say their names at the end of a syllable.
Rule 5 I and Y may say /ĭ/ or /ī/ at the end of a syllable.

除了i 和　y 是不确定的，都有四个字母是usually say their names 了,在多数情况下，元音在开音节是长音的结论当然没有错。但是如果i 和 y  在开音节是短音了，就说是例外的话，那例外会很多很多的，所以我们需要告诉孩子更精确些的说法，让孩子不要以为这种情况是例外，它本来就不确定。

再看闭音节，多数情况下是短音，也没错。看看下面这条规则：
Rule 8 I and O may say /ī/ and /ō/ when followed by two consonants.

那就可以解释wild, cold, kind, find  这些词的元音在闭音节，为什么是长音而不是短音了 ,如果补充介绍这个，例外又会减少很多了。


还有一条涉及开音节的规则：

Rule 10 When a word ends with the phonogram A, it says /ah/.

所以，用 音图+spelling rule 法 的教材，是不会给孩子说“开音节发长音”这样的话的。

lotusleaf

看一遍不够，得多看几遍才能领悟

liuliwu57

又一个宝库~

seawhirl

搬个板凳听课。

bailechen

打印，研究，从没这么认真的探究过，有点偏执了。谢谢分享

lotusleaf

瑜珈 发表于 2013-10-19 22:51
关于开音节、闭音节的特别说明：

在绝大多数情况下，开音节一般是长音，闭音节一般是短音，这话是没有错 ...

这几条规则我们都学过了，这么一总结更清楚