|
4#

楼主 |
发表于 2013-8-7 12:15:07
|
只看该作者
这里是另外的观点,姑且称为解答2吧:
"三门问题", 著名的玛丽莲给了答案, 原版网站也看过了, N多的PhD从不服到服, 似乎玛丽莲很有说服力.
不过, 事实果真如此么?
不了解什么是"三门问题"的, 建议先看看如下问题的原版:
Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors. Behind one door is a car, behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say #1, and the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another door, say #3, which has a goat. He says to you, "Do you want to pick door #2?" Is it to your advantage to switch your choice of doors?
Link: http://www.marilynvossavant.com/articles/gameshow.html
玛丽莲给出的答案是应该换一扇门, 理由是换一扇门的机会是2/3. 如果你仔细读下去, 就知道她的理由是:
DOOR1 DOOR2 DOOR3 RESULT
GAME 1 AUTO GOAT GOAT Switch and you lose.
GAME 2 GOAT AUTO GOAT Switch and you win.
GAME 3 GOAT GOAT AUTO Switch and you win.
表面上看, 好象 玛丽莲的分析很有道理. 但是, 不要忘记了" the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another door", 也就是说, 主持人是知道3#门后面没车的, 所以他才开. 以上Game 3的情况是不可能存在的. 只有2种可能性, 换与不换都只有1/2的结果.
同样地, 玛丽莲的回答也是不成立的:
Yes; you should switch. The first door has a 1/3 chance of winning, but the second door has a 2/3 chance. Here's a good way to visualize what happened. Suppose there are a million doors, and you pick door #1. Then the host, who knows what's behind the doors and will always avoid the one with the prize, opens them all except door #777,777. You'd switch to that door pretty fast, wouldn't you?
无论节目中有多少门, 被主持人开的, 都是不可能有车的门, 都不在考虑概率的范围内, 100万扇门又如何? 最终还是只有2种可能性. 还是只有1/2的可能性.
在什么情况下玛丽莲是对的呢? 在"host DOSE NOT know what's behind the doors"的情况下她才对. 假定游戏是这样的: 你选一个门后, 主持人再帮你开另一扇门, 如果开出来是车归你, 如果开出来是羊再继续由你决定. 那么这时, 玛丽莲才是正确的. 只有在这种情况下, 选2号门的概率才是2/3(实际上并不是说2号门是2/3, 而是2号门和3号门加起来是2/3)
结论是: 不要人云亦云,要有思辨力
======================
(解答2结束) |
|