在家上学问答-公益翻译5

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在家上学问答（Questions and Answers About Homescho...英文原文来源www.holtGWS.com.
原文提供者：狼宝在家上学
翻译者：欢书书

Questions and Answers About Homeschooling
在家上学问答

Table of Contents
目录

What is Holt Associates/Growing Without Schooling?
什么是霍尔特协会/非学校成长？

What Kinds of People Homeschool?
在家上学有哪些种类？

How Many Homeschoolers are there in the U.S.?
在美国，有多少在家上学的学生？

Is it Legal? How Do I Find Out the Law in My State?
这合法吗？我应该如何去找到所在州的相关法律？

How Do I Contact Homeschooling Families and Groups in My Area?
在我的地区，我如何才能联系到在家上学的家庭和组织?

How Does Homeschooling Work? What Do the Families Do All Day?
在家上学如何运作？这些家庭每天做些什么？

Do I Need to Purchase a Curriculum? Where Can I Get Materials?
我需要购买课程吗？我可以从哪里得到资料？

Do I Need to Spend a Lot of Money on Homeschooling Materials?
我需要在在家上学的资料上花大量的钱吗？

How Can Parents Teach Subjects With Which They Are Not Familiar?
父母们如何教那些他们不熟悉的课程？

What about Standardized Tests?
标准化测试是什么样的？

What About the Social Life of Homeschoolers?
在家上学学生的社会生活是什么样的？

Does Homeschooling Work for Teenagers? What About College Admissions?
在家上学对青少年有用吗？高校招生是什么样的？

What About Homeschooling A Learning Disabled Child?
在家上学如何对待有学习障碍的儿童？

I Am Interested But My Spouse/Parents/Other Relatives Are Skeptical!
我很感兴趣，但是我的爱人/父母/其他亲密亲属很怀疑！

Working and Homeschooling.
工作和在家上学。

———————————————————————

What is Holt Associates/Growing Without Schooling?
什么是霍尔特协会/非学校成长？
Holt Associates Inc. published Growing Without Schooling magazine and many books, articles, and other materials about homeschooling and the work of John Holt. John Holt (1923-85) was the author of ten books about education, including the classic of the 1960's school reform movement, How Children Fail. He founded Growing Without Schooling magazine in 1977 as a way to support homeschooling families and to provide a forum for them to communicate with one another. Growing Without Schooling ended with the November/December 2001 issue.
在约翰•霍尔特的努力下，霍尔特协会出版了《非学校成长》(Growing Without Schooling)杂志和许多书籍、文章和其他关于家庭学校的资料。约翰霍尔特（1923－1985）是写了10本教育方面的书籍，包括20世纪60年代改革运动的经典之作《孩子如何失败》（How Children Fail）。1977年，他发现《非学校成长》杂志是一种支持在家上学的家庭的方式，同时，它提供了一个在家上学的家庭互相交流的场所。《非学校成长》于2001年10月/11月停刊。

Pat Farenga, the publisher of GWS, and Susannah Sheffer, its longest serving editor, continue to speak at conferences nationwide and discuss homeschooling on radio and TV programs and in newspaper and magazine articles. We also run our own consultation service.
GWS的出版者帕特•法伦加和他的合作最久的编辑苏珊•娜谢费尔，继续在会上呼吁并且通过广播和电视节目、报刊杂志等讨论在家上学。
In our work we emphasize children's ability to learn without a formal curriculum, without mimicking school in the home. We focus on how people learn and how others can help them, and we stress the use of real-life, community resources. In our magazine, Growing Without Schooling, we published writing by parents and children, interviews, book reviews, and in-depth discussions about how people learn.
在我们的工作中，我们并非通过正规课程和模仿学校来强化孩子们的学习能力。我们专注于人们如何学习和其他人如何帮助他们。我们强调利用真实生活和社区资源。在杂志《非学校成长》里，我们发表了父母们、孩子们、采访者们、书评家们的文章，同时还有关于人们如何学习的深度讨论。

What kinds of people homeschool?
在家上学有哪些种类？
All kinds. Homeschoolers live in the country, city, suburbs, small towns. Some are single-parent families. Some run family businesses, and some parents combine working outside the home with homeschooling. The homeschooling movement is growing increasingly diverse as people of many religions, philosophies, and ethnic backgrounds choose to homeschool. In addition to several groups and publications specifically for Christian homeschoolers, there are now groups and newsletters addressing the concerns of Jewish homeschoolers, Muslim homeschoolers, and homeschoolers of color. See Teach Your Own for addresses of these and other groups. See also the book Freedom Challenge, edited by Grace Llewellyn, for an in depth look at the experiences of African-American homeschoolers, and Paula Penn-Nabrit, Morning by Morning: How We Home-Schooled Our African-American Sons to the Ivy League. (Villard, 2003). You can order these materials from FUN Books.
任何种类。在这个国家、城市、郊区和小镇都存在着在家上学。他们一些是单亲家庭，一些是老板，还有一些是上班族。在不同的信仰、哲学和种族背景下，在家上学运动正变得越来越多样化。除了一些专门服务于基督徒在家上学的团体和刊物外，同时也存在专门帮助犹太人、穆斯林和有色人种的在家上学的新团体和简讯。举例：《教你所有》（Teach Your Own）；格雷斯•卢安林编著的《自由挑战》（Freedom Challenge），深度探讨了非裔美国人的在家上学；保罗•佩恩纳•布里特的《早晨又早晨：我们如何通过在家上学让我们非裔美国人的儿子们进入常春藤盟校》（Morning by Morning: How We Home-Schooled Our African-American Sons to the Ivy League.）（拉威尔，2003）。你可以从“趣味书籍”网站（the FUN Books）中找到这些书。

How many homeschoolers are there in the U.S.?
在美国，有多少在家上学的学生？
Nobody knows for sure, but a researcher estimated 350,000 in the early 1990's and the Federal Department of Education Statistics put the number at 850,00 for 1999. Estimates for 2004 go well over a million children being homeschooled. Not all states require homeschoolers to register with a central location, so not all states are able to count or even to estimate the number of homeschoolers. In states where such figures are available, it is clear that the number of homeschoolers has grown substantially over the past ten or fifteen years.
没人能肯定，在家上学的学生，从1990年初某研究人员估计的35万人，增长到1999年联邦教育部统计的85万人。2004年，估计超过一百万儿童正在家上学。并非所有的州都要求在家上学者进行注册，因此并非所有的州能够统计甚至估计在家上学的学生数量。很明显，在过去的10或15年里，全联邦在家上学的学生数量已大幅增加。

Is it legal? How do I find out the law in my state?
这合法吗？我应该如何去找到所在州的相关法律？
Yes, homeschooling is legal in all fifty states and in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, France, and probably elsewhere as well. You can find actual wording of your state's law under "Compulsory Education" or "School Attendance" in a courthouse or law library, or you can write to your State Department of Education for a copy of the current regulations. In general, some states require you to submit a plan to your local district, some require you to file with the State Department of Education and some allow you to register your home as a private school. You do not have to be a certified teacher.
是的。在全部的50个州、加拿大、英联邦、澳大利亚、新西兰、法国和其他地方，在家上学都是合法的。在法院或者法律图书馆，你可以找到你所在州的“义务教育”或“强制性教育”下的具体条款，你也向州教育署写信索取一份当前条例的复印件。一般情况下，有些州要求你向当地民政部门提交一份教育计划，有些州要求你在州教育署存档，而有些州允许你把自己家注册为一所私立学校。而你不必成为一个认证过的教师。
Local homeschooling groups are usually the best source of precise information about how to fulfill the requirements of the law in your state. Many groups have information packets for new homeschoolers which include information about laws and regulations.
通常，当地在家上学团体提供了最准确的信息，能完全遵守你所在州的法律要求。许多团体为新成员准备了大量的法律法规方面的信息。
In general, it is not wise to start by asking your local school district what the homeschooling law is; often they don't know, and they may give you misleading information.
一般来说，问当地学校教育部门在家上学的法律是什么，这是不明智的。他们通常不知道，也可能误导你。

How can I get in touch with families who are already homeschooling in my area? How do I find local groups and organizations?
在我的地区，我如何能联系到在家上学的的家庭？我如何找到本地团体和组织？
Using an Internet search engine or asking your local librarian for information about support for homeschooling in your area can often work. Many homeschooling books, such as Teach Your Own (Perseus, 2003), have listings of state, local, and national support groups, as well as current homeschooling periodical and book listings.
上网搜索或者去当地图书馆寻找在家上学的资料都很有用。许多在家上学的书籍，例如《教你自己》（Teach Your Own ）（珀尔修斯，2003），该书作为当前的在家上学的期刊和书籍，已经被国家、州和地方的支持者们列入书单。
In addition to being the best source of current information about laws and regulations, homeschooling support groups can help you meet a lot of people at once and can tell you about local activities. Support groups often have newsletters and meetings and sometimes organize field trips, sports teams, writing clubs, book discussion groups -- whatever appeals to the families involved.
除了给你提供最好最新的法律法规的信息外，在家上学团体能快速帮助你认识许多人，他们告诉你当地的行动。支持团队经常有通讯和会议，有时组织社会调查队、运动队、写作俱乐部、读书小组等等，只要家庭有诉求。

How does homeschooling work? What do the families do all day?
在家上学如何运作？这些家庭每天做些什么？
As most families will tell you, there is no typical day. Homeschooling children learn through reading, through conversation, through play, through outside classes, through volunteer work and apprenticeships. Typically children will have some time on their own at home (to read, play, build, draw, write, do a science experiment, work on math) and some time with their parents (to get help, to talk, to do some kind of focused project together), and some time with others outside the home (in music class, in Scouts, in a homeschoolers' book discussion group, in a volunteer job at a museum). Some families set aside a part of the day for focused academic work; others do not. Often this varies for each child and the family often adapts its schedule as the children grow and Back to Table of Contents
大多数家庭都会告诉你，学习中没有特别的一天。在家上学的孩子们通过阅读、对话、游戏、室外课程、志愿工作和实习来学习。通常，在家里，孩子们将会有一些他们自己的时间（例如阅读、游戏、建筑、画画、写作、科学实验、计算）；他们也会有一些和父母一起的时间（例如寻求帮助、对话、共同做一些重点项目）
。在家外，他们也有一些和其他人相处的时间（例如上音乐班、参加童子军、参加在家上学书籍讨论班、在博物馆做志愿者）。有些家庭设置了一段当天的重点学术工作的时间，有些没有。通常，每个家庭根据每个孩子的成长情况来调整课程的时间表。

Do I need to purchase a curriculum? Where can I get materials if I don't want to use a packaged curriculum?
我需要购买课程吗？我可以从哪里得到资料？
We emphasize that you don't need a packaged curriculum in order to homeschool successfully. Try the FUN Books catalog for suggestions of books and materials to use instead. Several of the books noted in this web site will point you to many other resources: for example, Teach Your Own lists addresses of other catalogs and suppliers, and The Teenage Liberation Handbook describes a wide range of specific books and materials.
我们强调，你不需要为了成功地在家上学而去要个课程包。你可以尝试利用“趣味书籍”网站（the FUN Books）的建议和资料。在这个网站上的一些书籍，也可以链接到其他的资源：比如，《教你自己》（Teach Your Own）列出了其他目录和资源；《青少年解放手册》（The Teenage Liberation Handbook）介绍了很大范围的书籍和资料。

As well, think of the resources available in your community: libraries, museums, historical sites, courthouses, specialty shops, nature centers. Think of adults you know who can share a skill, answer a question, let your children observe or help them at work. Think of real-life activities: writing letters, handling money, measuring, observing the stars, talking to older people. These are some of the ways that homeschoolers learn writing, math, science, and history. Talking with other homeschoolers will give you further ideas.
同时，你可以考虑你所在社区的资源：图书馆、博物馆、历史遗迹、法院、专卖店和自然中心。你可以考虑你所认识的可以分享技能、回答问题的成年人，让你的孩子们观察或者帮助他们工作。你也可以考虑真实生活：写信、理财、测量、观察星星、和长者交谈。以上都是一些在家上学的方式，它们可以让孩子们学习写作、数学、科学和历史。通过跟其他在家上学的人们交流，你可以得到进一步的想法。

Some families like to have an idea of what is expected of kids in school at various ages. If you can get a copy of your school's curriculum, use it as a guide but don't make yourselves follow it rigidly -- one of the biggest advantages of homeschooling is that you don't have to operate exactly as school does or make your child follow the same timetable. Another useful document is the "Typical Course of Study, K-12" pamphlet, available from Worldbook International.
http://www2.worldbook.com/parents/course_study_index.asp
一些家庭喜欢根据学龄来教育孩子的观点。如果你能得到一份学校课程的副本，那么可以把它作为参考指南，但是不要严格遵循。在家上学的最大优势之一是：你不需要让孩子完全按照学校的时间表来学习。另外，有个有益的文件是《K-12的经典学习课程》（Typical Course of Study, K-12），你可以向“国际书”（worldbook）（Worldbook International）网站购买。它的网址是http://www2.worldbook.com/parents/course_study_index.asp

Some families also find that they prefer to start out using a packaged curriculum. Teach Your Own gives names of correspondence schools and curriculum supply houses, and you can investigate which one best fits your family's needs. Generally, a correspondence school's assignments can be completed in a few hours a day, leaving time for other activities as well.The Internet is full of such resources - use your favorite search engine to discover them.
有些家庭发现，他们更喜欢从课程包开始学习。《教你自己》列出了一些函授学校和课程提供者。你可以调查哪个最适合你的家庭需要。一般来说，函授学校一天只需占用少量的几个小时，剩余时间作其他安排。你可以根据自己的爱好搜索和发现，互联网上充满了这样的资源。

Do I need to spend a lot of money on homeschooling materials?
我需要在在家上学的资料上花大量的钱吗？
No more than you would ordinarily spend on a child's interests and activities. Homeschoolers often use the library and other free or low-cost community resources. They share or barter materials and skills with one another or with other people in the community. Some families are able to barter for outside lessons and to volunteer in exchange for admission to arts events or museums. Older homeschoolers find that volunteering is a good way to learn from adults outside the family, and it is often less expensive than taking a class or buying equipment.
Back to Table of Contents
这不会比你在孩子兴趣和活动上的一般花费要多。在家上学经常利用图书馆和其他免费或廉价的社区资源。人们在社区分享或者交换彼此的材料和经验。一些家庭能够换取外部课程，然后志愿为艺术馆或博物馆服务。
经验丰富的在家上学的人们发现，从事志愿工作，不但是向社会上的成年人学习的一个好办法，而且通常比上讨论班或者购买一个设备更划算。

How can parents teach subjects with which they are not familiar?
父母们如何教那些他们不熟悉的课程？
They don't have to. Homeschooling doesn't mean that the parents are the only people from whom the child learns. The parents are facilitators, helping their children seek out information and hook up with other people. Homeschooling children may become interested in a subject or involved in an activity that their parents don't know much about and that's fine -- there's a world of resources available.
他们不用去做。在家上学不是指孩子们只向父母们学习。父母们是辅导员，帮助他们的孩子们选择信息和联系其他人。在家上学的孩子们也许会对父母们不熟悉的某个主题或者某项活动感兴趣，那很棒—这个世界充满了有用的资源。

What if my state requires testing, or if my children need to take standardized tests later for college admissions? Will they be prepared?
假如我的州要求考试或者我的孩子们要参加大学标准化的入学测试，我该怎么办？如何准备？
First, make sure that testing really is required in your state. Some states list testing as one of several options (the others being keeping a portfolio or getting an outside evaluation, usually). If you do have to test your children, you can prepare them by working on sample tests (just as schoolchildren do) and talking about test-taking strategies. Homeschoolers who want to go to college usually prepare for the SAT or the ACT by using one of the test preparation books that are available. Not all colleges require these tests, however.
首先，你应该确认那个考试是你的州要求的。有些州列出一个考试选项（通常，其他的州保存在档案中或者得到一个外部评价）。假如你需要去测试你的孩子们，那么你可以让他们做例题（就像在校生一样）和讨论应试策略。在家上学的孩子们，谁想上大学，通常会准备SAT或ACT的参考书。另外，不是所有的大学都要求这些考试。
What about the social life of kids who learn at home?
在家上学的孩子们的社会生活是什么样的？
There are many ways for homeschoolers to meet other kids. Studies have shown that homeschoolers have a more positive self-concept than their schooled peers. They are more likely to have friends of different ages and to be free of the cliquish, exclusive behavior so common in school. Here are just some of the ways that homeschoolers meet and socialize with other young people: In the neighborhood, in church, in Scouts, in 4-H, through community sports teams, in community theater, in music or dance or gymnastics or art classes, through participation in some school activities, through homeschool support groups and activity clubs.
有很多方法可以让在家上学的孩子认识其他同龄人。研究表明，相比于在校生，在家上学的孩子们拥有更加积极的自我观念。他们更容易和不同年龄层次的人成为朋友，而在校生更容易拉帮结派或离群索居。这里有些在家上学的人们认识和跟其他年轻人交往的方法：比如在邻里，教堂，童子军，4-H，音乐会，舞会，体育团队或者艺术班，在家上学支持团队和活动俱乐部。
A teenage girl who left school and became a homeschooler wrote to GWS , "I think that homeschooling has allowed me to develop my social skills a lot more than school did." A mother told us about a local group for teenage homeschoolers, in which the kids have gone to museums, studied biology together, and done all sorts of other activities. She said, "The kids are meeting people from many different backgrounds, with many different kinds of life experiences, and the friendships really cross those lines." Homeschooling does not make kids socially deprived.
有个少女，她离开学校，成为了一名在家上学的孩子，她写信给GWS：“我认为，比起在校学习，在家上学让我大大地提高了自己的社会技能。”有个母亲告诉我们一个本地的在家上学的青少年团队，该团队的成员已经参观了博物馆，一起学习生物，而且完成了其他的活动。她说：“孩子们认识了许多不同背景的不同生活经验的人们，而友谊跨越了这些界限。”在家上学不会剥夺孩子们的社交。

Does homeschooling work for teenagers? Can homeschoolers get into college?
在家上学对青少年有用吗？在家上学的孩子们能进入大学吗？
Yes, and yes. More and more teenagers are leaving school and becoming homeschoolers. There are also increasing numbers of teenagers who have homeschooled their entire lives. These kids are studying subjects in depth, learning from apprenticeships, work, and travel. They enjoy the independence of homeschooling and the time to discover what they really love to do. Homeschoolers now attend many of the selective colleges and state universities , and others are pursuing work or apprenticeships instead of going to college. See the following article written by several homeschooled teens in GWS 32.
答案都是肯定的。越来越多的青少年离开学校在家上学。一生里只在家上学的青少年人数，也在增加。他们深入学习科目，在做学徒，工作，旅行中学习。他们喜欢在家上学的独立性，也喜欢在此期间去发现他们真正热爱的事业。在家上学的孩子们，有些进入了理想中的学院和州大学，有些更喜欢工作或者做学徒。
I'm interested in homeschooling, but the school has labeled my child "learning disabled" or "ADHD" and I worry that I'm not qualified to teach such a child.
我对在家上学很感兴趣，但是学校给我的孩子打上了“学习障碍”或“多动症”的标签，我担心自己没资格教这样的孩子。

It is noteworthy that many children who are labeled learning disabled in school turn out not to be disabled once they've been homeschooling for a while. Too often, the "LD" label is a result of group instruction; a child who does not follow the expected timetable, or learn in the expected way, does not thrive in a classroom setting. In school, for example, a child who is not yet reading at age 7 would be labeled LD, but in a homeschool setting such children learn to read when they are ready and become fluent readers within a short time. Before dismissing yourself as unqualified to teach a child who has been labeled LD or ADHD, read The Myth of the ADD Child ,In Their Own Way, and Teach Your Own.
值得注意的是，许多被学校打上“学习障碍’标签的孩子，一旦在家上学，不久就不再学习障碍了。很多时候，”“学习障碍”标签是群体教学的结果，如果儿童不按照预期的时间表，预期的方法，不在教室里成长。在学校，孩子7岁都不会阅读，就被标记为“学习障碍”，但是，像这样的孩子们只要经过短期的在家上学，就能流利地阅读。面对教育“学习障碍”或“多动症”的孩子，在贬低你自己为不够格之前，请阅读《多动症孩子的神话》（The Myth of the ADD Child），《他们自己的路》（In Their Own Way），《教你自己》（Teach Your Own）。

I love the idea of homeschooling, but my spouse/parents/other relatives/friends are skeptical about the idea. What can I do?
我爱在家上学这个主意，但是我的爱人/父母/其他亲戚/朋友们怀疑这个想法。我该怎么办？

This can be one of the biggest challenges a homeschooling family faces. Remember that many concerns about homeschooling are based on ignorance or misinformation. For example a friend may worry that your child is being deprived of access to group experiences, not realizing that homeschoolers can participate in Scouts, community groups, homeschooling groups, etc. A skeptical relative may fear that this is simply your outrageous idea, not knowing about the thousands of successful homeschoolers who have gone before you. Many skeptics are reassured when they learn that homeschoolers do have friends, do get into college, do have a wide range of learning opportunities. When you have done some reading about homeschooling you will be able to select the passages that best address your critic's concerns. Some people are also reassured by meeting other homeschoolers or listening to talks, workshops, radio interviews.
这可以称得上是在家上学家庭的最大挑战。要记住许多对在家上学的误解都是建立在无知和错误信息的基础上的。例如，一个朋友非常担心，你的孩子被剥夺了参加团体活动的经历，没有意识到在家上学的孩子们可以参加童子军、社区团体、在家上学团队等等。有些人担心，你的想法太简单太荒唐了，他们不知道成千上万的在家上学者们在交友，上大学，拥有广泛的学习机会。当你已经阅读了在家上学的相关资料后，你也能选择一些最让他们满意的段落。通过约见其他在家上学的人们，或旁听讲座，研讨会，电台采访等，部分人能感到放心。

Remember, too, that it can take time to feel comfortable with homeschooling, and sometimes you may simply have to live with a friend's or relative's uncertainty for a while. Often people report to us that with time, as skeptics have a chance to see how homeschooling works, their fears lessen.
也要记住，在家上学需要花一定的时间才能感觉到舒服，有时候，你可以轻易地和一个朋友或亲戚生活一段时间。人们经常跟我们报告说，随着时间的推移，当怀疑者们有机会目睹在家上学时如何工作时，他们的恐惧感就减轻了。

I'm intrigued by the idea of homeschooling, but I don't want to have to give up my own work or interests. Will I have to?
我对在家上学的想法很感兴趣，但是我不想因此放弃自己的工作或者爱好。我不得不放弃吗？

Homeschooling doesn't have to mean sitting with your children six hours a day and giving them lessons. Some parents combine part-time work with homeschooling, and some even manage to work full-time and still allow their children to learn at home. Even parents (more often mothers, but sometimes fathers) who forego paid work to be home with their children do still have time for their own pursuits. You may find that your children become interested in what you are interested in. You may also find that you enjoy learning along with them. Other children typically have several outside activities, and sometimes relationships with adult friends or mentors, so you will not be the only one working with your children or helping them learn.
在家上学，并不一定指你和孩子们坐在一起待上6个小时，给他们上课。有些父母把兼职和在家上学结合起来。有些人设法全职上班，也让他们的孩子们在家学习。甚至有些父母（更多的是母亲，少数是父亲）放弃了有报酬的工作，就为了在家陪伴孩子们，同时又做他们的爱好。你也能发现，你喜欢和他们一起学习。其他孩子通常有一些户外活动，有时候是和成年朋友或导师，所以你不会是帮你的孩子们学习的唯一的人。

Email questions to info@HoltGWS.com or contact us at Holt Associates, PO Box 89, Wakefield, MA 01880-5011
Copyright © 2004 Holt Associates, Inc. Page updated on 3/26/04.
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