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标题:
【推荐】儿童对图文关系的反应分析
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作者:
shangfly
时间:
2006-4-7 17:04
标题:
【推荐】儿童对图文关系的反应分析
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">不同的儿童对图文关系的理解是不同的，大致可归为以下几种类型：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 第一种：虽然不认字，但知道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">故事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">在文字里。当我们以参与观察者的身份想借给儿童讲图画故事书的机会就画面内容与幼儿讨论时，儿童总会指着书中的文字要求我们：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">讲这里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">" 8</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">号的观察记录有：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 宋婧伊让我讲《鼹鼠爸爸的鼾声》，翻到第一页，她指着文字说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">讲这里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">（《小机灵鬼皮科的故事》也是如此，指着文字让我讲。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 更典型的例子是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">18</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">日王睿雯给我讲《马戏团的女小丑》，她完全是根据自己对画面的理解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">创编</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">了一个不同于原文的故事，但她每翻到一页文字在上部的画面时，她就会指着文字给我讲述，很明显这是在模仿成人的讲述方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> </span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 正是由于成人过分依赖文字的讲述（这是最省事的方式），不注意引导儿童对图画所表达的故事的理解，造成一些儿童不知道图画也表现故事。由于成人的误导，或者说儿童由于习惯了听成人看着文字讲故事，他们认为故事只在文字中，所以他们会说，我不会讲，因为我不认字，我不喜欢认字。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 我问庭庭（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">岁）：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">你今天下午准备讲什么故事呀？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 他说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">我不识字没法讲，我不喜欢识字。（璐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7-10</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">观察记录）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 成人不恰当的阅读方式使儿童对图画书的理解偏离了它的本质：不用看字就能看懂。同时也说明目前的图画书创作中图文关系存在问题：图画本身的表现力欠缺，不能以连续的画面表达一个相对完整的故事，给幼儿的阅读理解造成困难。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 第二种：知道图画也表现故事，但更多的是在图画中去寻找文字的对应物。我们在观察中记录了大量的反应素材：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: "> 我又继续讲了《格瑞斯和昂塞尔》，文字一开始没有交待姐姐是格瑞斯，弟弟是昂塞尔，所以孩子们都指着画面问：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ; mso-hansi-font-family: ">谁是格瑞斯，谁是昂塞尔呀？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</fo
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